Abstract: The invention relates to (1) an arrangement and (2) method for the measurement of the level of an electrically conductive liquid. In a preferred form of the invention the liquid is milk provided within a suitable container. The arrangement includes at least two spaced apart electrodes and an elongate coil which are at least partially immersed in the electrically conductive liquid. Means are provided for passing an alternating current through and between the first and second electrodes, by way of the electrically conductive liquid. This forms or creates an electro-magnetic field about the first electrode which is then picked up by and current induced in the coil. Means are provided to convert and read the electro-magnetic field into a substantially linear function (current) of the level of the electrically conductive liquid. The method includes at least partially immersing at least two electrodes and one elongate coil in an electrically conductive liquid.

Abstract: An improved sectionalized capacitive level gauge is provided. A screen member having appropriate openings therein is positioned between a set of sectionalized first members and a second member of a capacitive level gauge.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for determining and indicating the quantity of a stored liquid or solid material, which is contained in a closed container of constant volume together with a gaseous filling medium introduced into the residual volume of the container interior, kept under a limitedly variable pressure (overpressure or underpressure) and varying from atmospheric pressure. The residual volume or a quantity constituting a measure thereof is measured and, calibrated in units of the stored product quantity, it being reproduced by means of an analog or digital indicating device.

Abstract: An illuminated, vibration-resistant wind sock utilizes a light fixture mounted for rotation with the wind sock and having a spotlight bulb directed along the horizontal axis of the wind sock to provide even, continuous illumination of the wind sock interior and to produce a dramatic glowing effect to observers of the wind sock. The bulb may be mounted directly to a rotating axle coaxially with the supporting post or can be carried by radial arms attached to the circular framework of the wind sock.

Abstract: A method for accurate, on site heat flow measurement through a substrate surface using surface mounted heat flow sensors and an apparatus for on site calibration of surface mounted heat flow sensors are presented. The method comprises mounting on the substrate surface a heat flow sensor which is calibrated to establish the relationship between heat flow through the surface and the resultant induced voltage in the sensor under the convective and radiative heat transfer environmental conditions of the surface, measuring the voltage output induced in the sensor by heat flow through the surface, and converting the voltage output to a quantitative heat flow on the basis of the calibration of the sensor. The apparatus of the invention permits the calibration of the sensors under convective and radiative heat transfer environmental conditions which substantially duplicate those of the experimental substrate.

Abstract: A road warning system for indicating the presence of emergency or other conditions along a roadway or other surface includes an elongated carrier and a plurality of erectable-retractable warning means which are retracted when the carrier is disposed in a storage mode and erected when the carrier is translated from the storage mode into the utilization mode in which the warning means are erected to indicate the existence of a roadway anomaly. The carrier may consist of a wide variety of different structures, including linkages, continuous lengths of flexible-deformable material and the like. It is also contemplated that the carrier will incorporate various conductors, including electrical and fluid conductors, so that the warning means may be illuminated either electrically or by means of illuminating gases.

Abstract: A slope-measuring device is calibrated in terms of the gear in which a multi-gear apparatus should be engaged for negotiating the slope. For example, in a multi-gear bicycle, the calibration may indicate the gear range and specific gear in a bicycle. In a motor vehicle, the slope measurement may indicate the vehicle gear which should be engaged. In order to prevent oscillation of the indication, a high viscosity fluid is employed in connection with a rotating shaft to substantially reduce the response frequency of the indication.

Abstract: The characteristics of various solid materials, in particular, surfaces of and coatings on metals and thickness of surface hardening layers are measured without damaging the specimen. The phase angle of a continuous thermal surface wave produced by a modulated light beam is measured. The phase angle of the continuous thermal wave progressing along the surface of the specimen is measured by temperature detectors either at a fixed distance from the light spot, as a function of frequency, or at a fixed frequency, as a function of distance. The phase angle of the thermal wave depends upon the thickness of the surface hardened layer whereby such thickness is measured.

Abstract: A turbomolecular pump for counterflow leakage tests and the method of its use arranges two, tandem turbomolecular pump stages for pumping toward each other and connects opposite ends of the tandem pump stages respectively to a container or test tank through which a test gas is provided when there is a leak and a detector for detecting the test gas. A connection between the tandem pump stages connects to a forepump for assisting the turbomolecular pump. Arranging the turbomolecular pump in this way permits different pressures in the container or test tank and detector, as is often desired when, for example, the detector is a mass spectrometer, without partition and conduit arrangements therefor.

Abstract: An elapsed time indicator in which an indicator, such as a flowable colorant, is releasably contained within an enclosure at least a portion of which is a volatilizable, preferably sublimable, substance.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for visually sighting the level of a liquid material or a solid particulate material within a container having a container sidewall. The device comprises a handle and a first and a second leg, the first leg having a first top end portion and a first bottom end portion with the second leg having a second top end portion and a second bottom end portion. The first and second top end portions are integrally connected to the handle and spaced apart to accommodate the thickness of the container sidewall. The first and second bottom end portions are spaced apart a distance closer than the first and second top end portions. First and second legs are resilient, enabling the bottom end portions to be separated upon positioning the first and second legs on the external and internal surfaces of the container sidewall with the resiliency of the legs engaging the external and internal surfaces of the container sidewall to maintain the position of the device relative to the container.

Abstract: A conductor (5) which varies its resistance value under the influence of pressure is introduced into the combustion chamber of the engine. In one embodiment the conductor is a wire (5), a coil, a meander pattern or the like; preferably, one part (5a) of the wire arrangement is shielded from the pressure. The shielded (5a) and the unshielded (5b) parts of the wire arrangement then form the branches of a bridge circuit. The sensor is preferably disposed in the breathing room (11) of a spark plug or for a Diesel engine, combined with an electric conductor (21, 44) serving to provide pre-glowing in a glow plug. Combustion pressures are thus sensed for controlling and/or regulating injection systems and/or ignition systems without requiring additional bores.

Abstract: A programming aid device for aiding in the interpretation of collimated fields of data in a computer printout. The device includes an inscribed data record which is in a format which corresponds to the collimated fields of the computer printout. When the device is positioned in association with a single row of the computer printout and properly aligned, the data record identifies the data fields of the computer printout. Eyecatcher data is provided in the data record to match up with identical eyecatcher data in the selected row of the computer printout to aid in the alignment of the data record with the selected row of the computer printout. The device also includes an information section for interpreting data in the selected row of the computer printout in accordance with designator data associated with predetermined fields of the data record.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer includes a liquid crystal display element for displaying the result of a temperature measurement, and a lamp circuit for illuminating the liquid crystal display element automatically at the end of the temperature measurement only when a sensed amount of ambient light is insufficient to permit easy reading of the temperature displayed by the liquid crystal element. The lamp circuit is switched on and off electronically, eliminating the need for mechanical contacts and manually operated push-buttons, thus making it possible to obtain a liquid-tight structure.

Abstract: A temperature detector made by a CMOS integrated circuit. The temperature detector comprises a first constant voltage circuit for producing a first constant voltage, a second constant voltage circuit applied with the first constant voltage for producing a second constant voltage, and a ring oscillator applied with the second constant voltage for producing an output voltage dependent of ambient temperature. Each constant voltage circuit has a standard resistor in the form of a diffusion resistor, a current-mirror circuit as a standard voltage generating circuit, and a voltage follower, and the ring oscillator has a delay resistor formed by a MOS transistor.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a device for monitoring the penetration of vapor from a challenge liquid occluded by a garment material, through the garment material, wherein pressure is applied against the garment material. The vapor which penetrates through the garment material is picked up by an inert carrier gas and detected to determine the protection afforded by the garment material against penetration by the challenge liquid/vapor.

Abstract: A time reminder device in a sanitary combination with a container for dispensing content in the form of pills or liquids, with or without a nipple projecting therethrough, and adjustable to a time index associated with a ring member snapped onto a cap or coupling and rotatably positioned by a detent.

Abstract: An optical viewing device enabling visually handicapped persons to read ordinary textual material in full color, the device comprising a stage for holding the material and an X-Y positioner used to move the textual material on the stage; lights beneath the stage for illuminating the material; an objective to form a real image; a prism or mirrors for reflecting the imaging rays from the objective through 90 degrees and for reinverting the rays; two mirrors to reflect the rays to an approximately vertical, directional, controlled brightness rear projection screen, so that the imaging rays successively passing from the objective to the reflecting/reinverting prism or mirrors and the two mirrors form a real, erect enlarged image on the screen.

Abstract: Dilatometers are described which employ measuring heads having multiple linear variable differential transformer dilation sensors for concurrently measuring the thermal dilation of multiple specimens within a single conventional electric tube furnace. The sensors, which have their cores coupled to calibrating micrometers, are positioned in a closely separated cluster in which each sensor is parallel, abreast and adjacent to each other. Separate parallel pushrods, which abut separate specimens within a common tubular specimen holder, are attached to the axially mobile coil of each sensor at the point closest to the center of the cluster. The resulting close separation of the parallel pushrods and their specimens within a small diameter specimen holder permits the use of an energy efficient electric tube furnace having a small diameter oriface and facilitates uniform heating of the pushrods and specimens.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating the fluid flow through implanted shunts by temperature sensing. The sensor comprises a series of thermistors carried by a flexible substrate mounted on a rigid support. The sensors are placed in external proximity to a section of the implanted shunt and by varying the temperature of the fluid proceeding the test section, the apparatus will determine the rate of flow therethrough. Each thermistor is connected by conductors to scaling and amplification circuitry for input into a computer system.