Abstract: An approach for reconstructing a Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) unit for video decoding using at least one processor includes decoding a first syntax element included in a NAL unit header; determining, based on the first syntax element, a NAL unit class including a plurality of NAL unit types; decoding a second syntax element included in the NAL unit header; and based on the NAL unit class being a first NAL unit class, determining a NAL unit type from among the NAL unit types using a combination of the NAL unit class and the second syntax element, and reconstructing the NAL unit based on the determined NAL unit type; and based on the NAL unit class being a second NAL unit class, determining a temporal identifier (TID) based on the second syntax element, and reconstructing the NAL unit based on the determined TID.

Abstract: Systems and methods according to one or more embodiments are provided for determining an emitted radiation intensity of an object in a thermal image. In one example, a system includes a memory component configured to store a plurality of captured thermal images of a scene and a processor. The processor is configured to select a pixel on a thermal image corresponding to a measured radiation intensity associated with an object in the scene. Real world coordinates of the object are determined. An emitted radiation intensity of the object is calculated using the determined real world coordinates and the measured radiation intensity. Additional systems and methods are also provided.

Abstract: Several techniques aimed at reducing computational complexity when encoding uses bi-predictively encoded frames (B-frames) are implemented in a video encoder. In an embodiment, B-frames are not used as reference frames for encoding P-frames and other B-frames. Non-use of B-frames allows a de-blocking filter used in the video encoder to be switched off when reconstructing encoded B-frames, and use of a lower complexity filter for fractional-resolution motion search for B-frames. In another embodiment, cost functions used in motion estimation for B-frames are simplified to reduce computational complexity. In one more embodiment, fractional pixel refinement in motion search for B-frames is simplified. In yet another embodiment, predictors used in motion estimation for a macro-block in a P-frame are selected from a B-frame that uses a same reference frame as the P-frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a video decoding method and a video decoder. The method includes: parsing coding tree split information to obtain a current node; determining coordinates of an upper-left corner of a region covered by a current quantization group based on a depth N of the current node; obtaining a QP delta of a current CU in the region covered by the current quantization group; and obtaining a reconstructed picture of the current CU based on the QP delta of the current CU.

Abstract: Provided are a video decoding method and a video decoding device, which, during video encoding and decoding processes, obtain most probable mode (MPM) information indicating whether to use MPMs of a current block determined based on at least two of a prediction mode of a left neighboring block adjacent to a left side of the current block, a prediction mode of an upper neighboring block adjacent to an upper side of the current block, and a right neighboring block adjacent to a right side of the current block, obtain extended intra mode set information indicating whether to use an extended intra mode set configured based on the MPMs, and determine an intra prediction mode of the current block based on the MPM information and the extended intra mode set information.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method of selecting a Rice parameter for encoding a video bitstream using at least one processor includes obtaining an absolute level corresponding to a current transform block; determining whether transform skip is enabled; generating a lookup variable based on the absolute level and the determination of whether the transform skip is enabled; obtaining the Rice parameter from a lookup table based on the lookup variable; and encoding a residual subblock based on the Rice parameter.

Abstract: When a block is intra predicted, the predicted samples on the boundary are subject to boundary filtering for certain modes. Various embodiments are proposed to perform boundary filtering for intra prediction in the DC or PLANAR mode, using a gradient based approach. The gradient for a particular reference sample is calculated based on a difference between the particular reference sample and a predictor for predicting the particular reference sample. For the PLANAR mode, the difference between a top (left) reference sample and a linear interpolation using the top (left) reference samples is used as the gradient, a fractional part of which is propagated to the initial predicted samples with a decay function. For the DC mode, the difference between a top (left) reference sample and an average of reference samples is used as the gradient. The average can be computed with the top reference samples and/or left reference samples.

Abstract: A device may determine whether to enable or disable bi-directional optical flow (BIO) for a current coding unit (CU) (e.g., block and/or sub-block). Prediction information for the CU may be identified and may include prediction signals associated with a first reference block and a second reference block (e.g., or a first reference sub-block and a second reference sub-block). A prediction difference may be calculated and may be used to determine the similarity between the two prediction signals. The CU may be reconstructed based on the similarity. For example, whether to reconstruct the CU with BIO enabled or BIO disabled may be based on whether the two prediction signals are similar, it may be determined to enable BIO for the CU when the two prediction signals are determined to be dissimilar. For example, the CU may be reconstructed with BIO disabled when the two prediction signals are determined to be similar.

Abstract: A video data inter prediction method is provided, which includes: determining a candidate motion information list of a current picture block, where the candidate motion information list includes at least one first candidate motion information group, at least one second candidate motion information group, the first candidate motion information group is a motion information group determined based on motion information of preset locations on a first neighboring picture block of the current picture block and a motion model of the first neighboring picture block, the second candidate motion information group is a set of motion information of at least two sample locations that are respectively neighboring to at least two preset locations on the current picture block; determining target motion information from the candidate motion information list; and performing inter prediction on the current picture block based on the target motion information.

Abstract: Techniques and tools are described for decoding jointly coded information. For example, a decoder decodes a variable length code [“VLC”] signaled at macroblock level that jointly represents a transform type signal level, transform type, and subblock pattern. The decoder decodes one or more VLCs signaled at block level, each jointly representing a transform type and subblock pattern. The decoder may select between multiple VLC tables for the VLCs signaled macroblock level and/or block level.

Abstract: A night vision apparatus having a camera assembly with a camera housing that has a charge-coupled device image sensor, an infrared illuminator assembly, and a first base assembly. Further having a switch assembly and a display assembly. The camera housing has a top face, a bottom face, a front face, a lens, and an adaptor. The lens has a focal length of approximately 25 mm or 50 mm. The infrared illuminator assembly has a housing, an infrared illuminator lens, an infrared illuminator, and a supporting structure. The infrared illuminator is an approximately 2.5 watt illuminator that produces an approximately 10° main beam pattern. The infrared illuminator assembly is attached to the camera housing. The first base assembly has a suction cup secures the camera assembly onto a surface. The switch assembly is electrically connected to a battery assembly. The display receives and shows images captured by the camera assembly.

Abstract: A method for decoding an image according to the present invention comprises the steps of: deriving an intra prediction mode of a current block; and changing the intra prediction mode to a wide angle intra prediction mode when the intra prediction mode is less than or equal to a threshold value and the current block is a non-square having a width greater than a height.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for marking availability of a candidate coding block for merge estimation of a current coding block within a coding tree unit (CTU). The candidate block may be marked as unavailable if a splitting depth of the current coding block is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold and a first location of the candidate block and a second location of the current block are included in a same merge estimation region (MER). Otherwise, the candidate block is marked as available. A candidate block may be marked as unavailable also, when a parent block “parentCurr” of the current block and a parent block “parentCand” of the candidate block, with both parent blocks obtained by splitting, are the same block and when the size of the parentCand is smaller than a threshold.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for video coding and decoding are provided. The method of video encoding includes accessing a bin of a syntax element associated with a block in a picture of a video, determining a context for the bin of the syntax element associated with the syntax element and entropy encoding the bin of the syntax element based on the determined context wherein either the bin of the syntax element is based on the relevance of a prediction by a neural network of the syntax element or the probability associated to the context is determined by a neural network. A bitstream formatted to include encoded data, a computer-readable storage medium and a computer-readable program product are also described.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for a parallel multi-processor encoder system for encoding video data, wherein the video data comprises a sequence of frames, wherein each frame comprises a plurality of blocks of pixels in sequential rows. For each frame, the system may divide the plurality of blocks into a plurality of subsets of blocks, wherein each subset of blocks is allocated to a respective processor of the parallel multi-processor system. Each respective processor of the parallel multi-processor system may sequentially encode rows of the subset of blocks allocated to the respective processor and sequentially transmit each encoded row of blocks as a bit stream to a decoder on a channel. For each row, the respective encoded row of blocks may be transmitted to the decoder for each processor prior to transmission of the next sequential respective encoded row of blocks for any processor. Additionally, a similar parallel multi-processor decoder system is described.

Abstract: Provided are video encoding/decoding methods and apparatuses for determining an intra prediction mode of a current block, based on a width and height of the current block. When the current block has a square shape in which the width and height are equal, the intra prediction mode of the current block is determined from among first intra prediction mode candidates including a plurality of predetermined intra prediction directions, and when the current block has a non-square shape in which the width and height are not equal, the intra prediction mode of the current block is determined from among second intra prediction mode candidates configured based on the non-square shape.

Abstract: A medical observation device includes an imaging unit configured to photograph an image of an operation site, and a holding unit configured to be connected with the imaging unit and have rotary shafts which are operable with at least six degrees of freedom. Among the rotary shafts, at least two shafts are active shafts whose driving is controlled based on states of the rotary shafts, and at least one shaft is a passive shaft which is rotated according to direct external manipulation accompanying contact.

Abstract: A method for intra prediction comprises determining a first MPM candidate corresponding to a left-side candidate block on the basis of a position of the left-side candidate block adjacent to a left side of a current block; determining a second MPM candidate corresponding to an upper-end candidate block on the basis of a position of the upper-end candidate block adjacent to an upper end of the current block; generating an MPM candidate list including a plurality of MPM candidates, on the basis of the first MPM candidate and the second MPM candidate; and determining one MPM candidate of the plurality of the MPM candidates that constitute the MPM candidate list as an intra prediction mode of the current block, and performing intra prediction for the current block on the basis of the determined intra prediction mode to generate a prediction block corresponding to the current block.

Abstract: A method and device for encoding an image divided into blocks. The image contains separate first and second zones). The encoding implements the following, for at least one current block of the image: determining to which of the first and second zones the current block pertains; if the current block pertains to the first zone, encoding the current block by using a first encoding method; if the current block pertains to the second zone, encoding the current block by using a second encoding method including the following: from the position of the current block in the second zone, identifying a previously encoded, then decoded block located in the first zone of the image; and reproducing the value of at least one encoding parameter associated with the identified block.

Abstract: Coding a block of video data includes determining a prediction mode for the block, which is an inter-prediction or intra-prediction mode, determining a transform type for the block, and coding the block using the prediction mode and the transform type. The transform type is one of a first plurality of transform types when the prediction mode is the inter-prediction mode, and is one of a second plurality of transform types when the prediction mode is the intra-prediction mode. The first plurality of transform types includes first fixed transform types and first mode-dependent transform types that are based on a first learned transform generated using inter-predicted blocks. The second plurality of transform types includes second fixed transform types and second mode-dependent transform types that are based on a second learned transform generated using intra-predicted blocks. The first and second fixed transform types have at least some fixed transform types in common.