Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for detecting a location of a fault on an electric power transmission line using a state-of-polarization traveling wave in an optical ground wire. Various embodiments may also detect a traveling wave on a conductor of the transmission system. The arrival times of the state-of-polarization traveling wave and the electrical traveling wave may be compared. Using the difference in times and the known propagation velocities of the traveling waves, a distance to the fault may be calculated. Arrival time of the state-of-polarization traveling wave may be calculated using electrical signals from photodetectors in an optical channel with polarizing filters at different orientations or reference frames.

Abstract: A tri-modal carrier provides a structural platform to temporarily bond a semiconductive wafer and can be used to transport the semiconductive wafer or be used to perform manufacturing processes on the semiconductive wafer. The tri-modal carrier includes a doped semiconductive substrate, a plurality of electrostatic field generating (EFG) circuits, and a capacitance charging interface. A positive pole and a negative pole from each EFG circuit are embedded into the doped semiconductive substrate. An exposed portion of the doped semiconductive substrate is located between the positive pole and the negative pole, which is used as a biased pole for each EFG circuit. The combination of these poles for each EFG circuit is used to generate a non-uniform electrostatic field for bonding the semiconductive wafer. The tri-modal carrier also uses flat surface properties and the removal of trapped gas particles to strengthen the bond between the tri-modal carrier and the semiconductive wafer.

Abstract: A surge protection device having a housing, two connections for connection to a current path to be protected, and at least a first discharge conductor in the housing. In a normal state of the device, the first connection is electrically conductively connected to the first connection region of the discharge conductor, and the second connection is connected to the second connection region by at least one component. A metal safety element, which has two contact regions and a connecting region which connects the contact regions to one another, is arranged within the housing. The first contact region is electrically conductively connected to the second connection region and the second contact region is electrically conductively connected to the component in the normal state. The connecting region is a fuse by which brief pulse currents can be transmitted by the connecting region, whereas mains-frequency short-circuit currents overload the connecting region destroying it.

Abstract: Power switch devices having an overload limit are provided. The overload limit may be adjusted based on an inductance coupled with the power switch device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit common-mode electromagnetic interference filter incorporating electro-static discharge protection comprising two inductive coils is provided. A pair of primary and secondary spiral inductor coils is disposed corresponding to each other. A dielectric layer is used to separate the primary spiral inductor coil from the secondary spiral inductor coil electrically. Resistivity of a high-resistance substrate is more than 100 ?-cm for supporting the primary spiral inductor coil, the secondary spiral inductor coil and the dielectric layer thereon. The proposed filter structure can be formed in integrated circuit (IC) back-end processes and thus be extraordinarily advantageous of effectively eliminating electromagnetic interferences and having electrostatic protection effect at the same time, while having small footprint.

Abstract: A source driving integrated circuit is provided. The source driving integrated circuit includes a source driver area, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) circuit area and a fan-out area. The source driver area includes a plurality of source driver units. The ESD circuit area includes a plurality of ESD units. The fan-out area includes conduction lines for electrically connecting respective ones of the source driver units of the source driver area to ones of the plurality of the ESD units of the ESD circuit area. In a horizontal structure of a semiconductor integrated circuit, the fan-out area at least partially overlaps the ESD circuit area.

Abstract: A surge absorber and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. Since a ceramic material with excellent mechanical strength is used to form a ceramic tube and the ceramic tube is joined to sealing electrodes by use of brazing rings according to the method of manufacturing the surge absorber, durability of the surge absorber is considerably improved. Since the ceramic tube is completely sealed, the surge absorber may be stably used at a high voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a surgical instrument control circuit. The control circuit includes a primary processor, a safety processor, and a segmented circuit. The segmented circuit includes a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor. The plurality of circuit segments includes a power segment configured to provide a segment voltage to the primary processor, the safety processor, and each of the plurality of circuit segments. The power segment is configured to provide variable voltage protection of each segment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a surgical instrument control circuit. The control circuit includes a primary processor, a safety processor, and a segmented circuit. The segmented circuit includes a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor. The plurality of circuit segments includes a power segment configured to provide a segment voltage to the primary processor, the safety processor, and each of the plurality of circuit segments. The power segment is configured to provide variable voltage protection of each segment.

Abstract: A motherboard includes a power module, a display module, a control module, and a protection module. The protection module is coupled to the power module, the display module, and the control module. The control module is capable of outputting a first control signal to control the protection module to connect the power module to the display module to be powered by the power module or disconnect the power module from the display module.

Abstract: A lightning protector device for laying on a structure that is to be protected the device comprises: a surface coating including at least one conductive paint layer. A plurality of electrically conductive elements is arranged in spaced-apart manner on the structure, and the elements are in contact with the conductive paint layer. A protective coating is arranged on the surface coating and comprises a material that is thermally insulating and electrically conductive. The protective coating covers the electrically conductive elements in part.

Abstract: The present electrostatic protection circuit includes: a series circuit that is connected between a first node and a second node and includes a first impedance element and a clamp element connected to each other by a third node; a first transistor that is connected between the first node and a fourth node and turns on in accordance with an increase in voltage generated in the first impedance element; a second impedance element connected between the fourth node and the second node; a second transistor that turns on in accordance with an increase in voltage generated in the second impedance element, and increases current flowing in the first impedance element; and a discharge circuit that allows current to flow from the first node to the second node when the second transistor is in an on state.

Abstract: Systems and methods for aligning a transfer head assembly with a substrate are disclosed. In an embodiment a pivot mount is used for generating a feedback signal in a closed-loop motion control system. In an embodiment, the pivot mount includes primary spring arms and secondary spring arms extending between a pivot platform and a base of the pivot mount. The secondary spring arms are characterized by a lower stiffness than the primary spring arms, and strain sensing elements are located along the secondary spring arms.

Abstract: Protection circuits and methods for protecting an integrated circuit against an over-limit electrical condition are provided. One example includes a snapback circuit having at least a portion formed in an isolated doped well region and configured to switch to a low impedance state in response to an input exceeding a trigger condition and further having a control circuit coupled to a reference voltage and further coupled to the isolated doped well region and the portion of the snapback circuit formed in the doped well region. The control circuit includes an impedance adjustable in response to a control signal and configured to adjust an isolated doped well impedance in which at least a portion of the snapback circuit is formed relative to the reference voltage. A modulated trigger and hold condition tot the snapback circuit can be set according to a control signal adjusting an electrical impedance of the control circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diagnostic method for multiple-stage excess voltage protection apparatuses that include at least one gas discharge distance between an input and a reference potential as a first stage, at least one diode path between an output and the reference potential as a second stage, and at least one decoupling inductance interposed between the input and the output. The diagnostic method is characterized in that a secondary voltage applied to a secondary inductance, which is actively connected, inductively, to the decoupling inductance, is measured and evaluated with a view to excess voltage events in the excess voltage protection apparatus. The invention also relates to a two-stage excess voltage protection apparatus.

Abstract: A surge protection device detects whether a surge voltage occurs at a power input port by using a first Zener diode and a second Zener diode. When the power input port receives a normal voltage, the surge protection device turns on a first transistor to transmit the normal voltage to a load. Otherwise, when the power input port receives the surge voltage, the surge protection device prohibits the first transistor from conducting so as to protect the load from being damaged by the surge voltage. The surge protection device protects the load by controlling conducting or not of the first transistor and is manufactured without a surge protection unit. Therefore, manufacturing cost of the surge protection can be decreased.

Abstract: With a relay control device according to an embodiment, a regenerative current from a relay coil which is disposed in a relay flows through a coil energy absorption circuit, which is connected to the low side of the relay coil, toward the ground. A current detection resistor, which is a shunt resistor, is connected further toward the ground side of the coil energy absorption circuit than a coil surge absorption resistor, and the potential of the current detection resistor is compared to a reference potential, with a current detection circuit. Furthermore, on the basis of the result of the comparison with the current detection circuit, an off-duty period of the PWM control is terminated before the current which flows through the relay coil becomes less than or equal to a minimum drive current.

Abstract: A corona igniter assembly 20 comprises an ignition coil assembly 22, a firing end assembly 24, and a metal tube 26 connecting the ignition coil assembly 22 to the firing end assembly 24. A rubber boot 28 is disposed in the metal tube 26 and compressed symmetrically between a coil output member 30 of the ignition coil assembly 22 and an insulator 42 of the firing end assembly 24. Thus, the rubber boot 28 fills any air gaps and provides a hermetic seal between the ignition coil assembly 22 and the firing end assembly 24 to prevent unwanted corona discharge from forming from those air gaps.

Abstract: A determination is made as to when the current flowing through a transistor exceeds a predetermined threshold. When the current exceeds the predetermined threshold, the transistor is deactivated. The deactivating of the transistor is effective to limit the current that flows through the transistor. The limiting of the current is effective to prevent damage to the transistor in an over current condition. The transistor is maintained in a deactivated state until a time off circuit resets the DC-DC converter circuit. The maintaining of the transistor in the deactivated state until a time off circuit resets the DC-DC converter circuit is additionally effective to reduce the time on (Duty Cycle—D.C.) and frequency to further prevent damage to the transistor due to switching power losses.

Abstract: This specification relates to fault current limiter (FCL). More particularly, to solve problems of protecting and designing current limiting impedance in a protective coordination system, as limitations of the related art, the fault current limiter may measure heat capacity of a current limiting impedance unit by detecting fault current flowing to the current limiting impedance unit and limiting the fault current flowing to the current limiting impedance unit according to the measured heat capacity, which may result in preventing the current limiting impedance unit from being damaged due to the fault current, preventing an extended accident due to the damaged current limiting impedance unit and enabling a stabilized system and line protection.