Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particle; a strontium titanate particle that is externally added to the toner particle and that is doped with a metal element having an electronegativity of 1.3 or less; and a silica particle that is externally added to the toner particle, in which in a case where a detected peak intensity of a metal element having an electronegativity of 1.3 or less is Me-R, a detected peak intensity of strontium is Sr—R, a detected peak intensity of silicon is Si—R, and an element proportion of strontium is Sr—P, Conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, 0.08 kcps?Me-R?10 kcps,??(1) 0.1%?Sr—P?3.0%, and??(2) 0.15?Sr—R/Si—R?12.

Abstract: A polyarylate resin includes at least one type of repeating unit represented by a general formula (1), at least one type of repeating unit represented by a general formula (2), and a terminal group represented by a general formula (3). R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R5 and R6 each represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 alkyl group. R5 and R6 may bond together to represent a C5-7 cycloalkylidene group. X1 represents a divalent group represented by a chemical formula (2A), (2B), (2C), or (2D) with the proviso that when only one type of repeating unit represented by the general formula (2) is included, X1 does not represent a divalent group represented by the chemical formula (2D). Rf represents a chain aliphatic group having at least one fluoro group.

Abstract: Provided is a toner that is excellent in heat-resistant shelf stability and low-temperature fixability, has durability, and causes less occurrence of fogging in high temperature and high humidity environments. The toner comprising at least a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent, a retention aid and a charge control resin. The binder resin is a copolymer containing a styrene-based monomer unit 67 to 78% by mass and a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl monomer unit 22 to 33% by mass. The content of the retention aid is 1 to 4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, and the content of the charge control resin is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a photosensitive layer has strong close adhesiveness even when used repeatedly, and a positive ghost is reduced. An undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product of an electron transport material having a polymerizable functional group; a polyolefin resin having at least one group/structure selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and an anhydrous carboxylic acid structure, and a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; and an isocyanate compound having two or more isocyanate groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane and a method for manufacturing a membrane for filtering a fluid, said membrane comprising: a substrate having a three-dimensional structure and consisting of an one-piece ceramic porous body; and at least one separating filtering layer having a porosity that is lower than that of the substrate, in which the three-dimensional structure of the substrate is produced by forming elemental layers that are stacked and connected in series with one another, by repeating steps: a) depositing a continuous bed of powder at least partially consisting of a powder intended for forming the ceramic porous body; b) locally consolidating, part of the deposited material such as to create the elemental layer, and simultaneously linking the elemental layer thus formed with the preceding layer such as to gradually grow the desired three-dimensional shape.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a binder resin, and an additive. The additive contains a carboxylic acid anhydride. A reduction potential of the carboxylic acid anhydride is at least ?1.40 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag+). The carboxylic acid anhydride is contained in an amount of at least 0.02 parts by mass and no greater than 10.00 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles containing a non-crystalline polyester resin and a crystalline polyester resin. The toner particles contain as the crystalline polyester resin a dispersoid of crystallized crystalline polyester resin (CPES) domains. The CPES domains of the CPES dispersoid have an aspect ratio of at least 3.40 and no greater than 10.0 in terms of number average value. The toner particles have a roundness of at least 0.950 and no greater than 0.970 in terms of number average value. In a cross-sectional image of each of the toner particles, a ratio of a total area occupied by the CPES dispersoid to a cross-sectional area of the toner particle is at least 10.0% and no greater than 30.0%. The non-crystalline polyester resin includes a repeating unit derived from alkenyl succinic anhydride. The crystalline polyester resin includes a repeating unit derived from n-butyl methacrylate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by a general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin includes at least one type of repeating unit each represented by general formula (11), at least one type of repeating unit each represented by general formula (12), and a terminal group represented by general formula (13). In general formula (13), Rf represents a chain aliphatic group substituted by at least one fluoro group. A charge of calcium carbonate charged by friction between the photosensitive layer and the calcium carbonate is at least +8.0 ?C/g.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), R1 represents an aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 22 and optionally having an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 10, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 3 and no greater than 20, an aralkyl group having a carbon number of at least 7 and no greater than 20, a cycloalkyl group having a carbon number of at least 3 and no greater than 20, or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6. Chemical groups R2 each represent a halogen atom.

Abstract: Provided here are toners and image forming apparatus and methods for the formation of a bright image with excellent brightness and concealability. A bright toner according to an embodiment comprises a plurality of toner particles containing a bright pigment and a binder resin, and has a volume particle diameter distribution with a coefficient of variation CV of 0.26 or more.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium and apparatus for forming an image on a three dimensional (3D) object are disclosed. For example, the method includes, detecting the 3D object that is formed from a first material is positioned on a movable bed, providing a bed of a powder of a second material on the movable bed around the 3D object, vibrating the bed of powder to provide a level surface of the powder, sintering a portion of the bed of the powder onto the 3D object, moving the 3D object and repeating the providing, the vibrating, the sintering and the moving to form the image onto the 3D object.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer-type photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The single-layer-type photosensitive layer contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, an electron transporting material, and two hole transporting materials having different redox potentials. The two hole transporting materials are a hole transporting material A and a hole transporting material B that has a redox potential lower than that of the hole transporting material A. The ratio A/B of a weight of the hole transporting material A to a weight of the hole transporting material B is about 12/1 or more and about 36/1 or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging device, an electrostatic charge image forming device, a developing device having a toner, a transfer device, and a fixing device, wherein the fixing device includes a fixing belt, a rotational member, and a heater; the toner contains an amorphous polyester resin as a binder resin; and the toner has a weight average molecular weight Mw and a number average molecular weight Mn, Mw is from 25000 to 60000, and Mw/Mn is from 5 to 10, and has an infrared absorption spectrometry, the ratio of absorbance for a wavelength of 1500 cm?1 to absorbance for a wavelength of 720 cm?1 is 0.6 or less, and the ratio of absorbance for a wavelength of 820 cm?1 to absorbance for a wavelength of 720 cm?1 is 0.4 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent, independently of one another: a C1-20 alkyl group optionally having at least one of a C6-14 aryl group optionally having a substituent and a C2-20 alkoxycarbonyl group; a C6-14 aryl group optionally having a C1-20 alkyl group; a C3-10 cycloalkyl group; or a C1-6 alkoxy group.

Abstract: A charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable functional groups used in an overcoat for an organic photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable functional groups of the general structure exemplified below: where R1 and R2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group, R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of a radical polymerizable functional group, a non-radical polymerizable functional group, and one each of a radical polymerizable functional group and a non-radial polymerizable functional group, and R5 and R6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by laminating a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in this order on a conductive support, wherein the surface protective layer contains conductive fine particles and crosslinkable organic fine particles, and either the conductive fine particles or the crosslinkable organic fine particles have been subjected to surface modification with a fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate/(meth)acrylic acid copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides means for improving the softening rate in photoirradiation and image fixation property. The toner according to the present invention includes an azobenzene derivative represented by the following chemical formula (1), and in the chemical formula (1), R1 to R10 in the following are groups defined in claim 1.

Abstract: A developer for electrostatic latent image contains toner particles. The toner particles contain a resin and a coloring agent, and the coloring agent includes a first coloring agent, a second coloring agent, and a third coloring agent. The first coloring agent is carbon black, the second coloring agent is one or more of C. I. Pigment Violet 19 and C. I. Pigment Violet 23, and the third coloring agent is one or more of C. I. Pigment Brown 23 and C. I. Pigment Brown 25. A content of the second coloring agent is not lower than 8 mass % and not higher than 25 mass % with respect to a total amount of the coloring agents.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of satisfying abrasion resistance and electrical properties and suppressing image deletion, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a hole transport material having a polymerizable functional group, wherein the hole transport material has a specific structure.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle and an external additive, wherein the external additive contains an inorganic fine particle A and a silica fine particle; in a surface of the toner observed using a scanning electron microscope, a number-average particle diameter of primary particle of the silica fine particle is from 5 nm to 50 nm, a number-average particle diameter of primary particle of the inorganic fine particle A is at least 10 nm and less than 60 nm, a coverage ratio X1 of the toner surface covered by the silica fine particle is from 60 area % to 95 area %, the inorganic fine particle A is a fine particle of a titanate having a Group 2 element, and a coverage ratio X2 of the toner surface covered by the inorganic fine particle A is from 5 area % to 40 area %.