Abstract: Optical corrector modules for charged particle columns can include at least one split multipole that includes two multipoles separated by a distance less than 10 mm. Each of the individual multipoles may include at least two electrodes positioned to partially define a beam path through the multipole. Each of the electrodes can include a first surface that faces upstream of a charged particle beam when used in the charged particle column and a second surface that faces downstream of the charged particle beam when used in the charged particle column. The thickness between the first surface and the second surface for each of the electrodes may be less than 10 mm. The split multipoles may be electrostatic and may correspond to hexapoles.

Abstract: Provided is a beam irradiation system and a control method thereof. The beam irradiation system includes: a first irradiation chamber and a second irradiation chamber; a beam generation device to generate a beam and emit the beam to the first or second irradiation chambers; a system control module including a first control sub-module capable of controlling the beam generation device to emit the beam to the first irradiation chamber, and a second control sub-module capable of controlling the beam generation device to emit the beam to the second irradiation chamber; and a beam control module connected between the beam generation device and the system control module. For the first and second control sub-modules, one is capable of controlling the beam generation device through the beam control module when the beam control module is not occupied by the other, such that the same beam irradiation system controls multiple irradiation chambers respectively.

Abstract: A ripple filter unit comprises a first and a second ripple filter, substantially identical, are arranged so that they overlap each other in a beam, with substantially the same orientation and movable relative to each other in such a way as to vary the filter characteristics dynamically. In this way, the modulation characteristics of the ripple filter unit can be varied.

Abstract: The apparatus includes: a photocathode including a substrate and a photoelectric film formed on the substrate; a light source configured to emit a pulsed excitation light; a condenser lens facing the substrate of the photocathode and configured to condense the pulsed excitation light toward the photocathode; a first anode electrode and a second anode electrode facing the photoelectric film of the photocathode; a first power supply configured to apply a first control voltage between the first anode electrode and the second anode electrode; and a second power supply configured to apply an acceleration voltage between the photocathode and the second anode electrode. The first anode electrode is disposed between the photocathode and the second anode electrode. A surface of the first anode electrode facing the second anode electrode has a recessed shape, and a surface of the second anode electrode facing the first anode electrode has a protruding shape.

Abstract: Neutron shielding. The neutron shielding comprises a plurality of absorption layers (201, 203), and at least one moderating layer (202). The plurality of absorption layers each comprise tungsten boride or tungsten carbide. The at least one moderating layer comprises a metal hydride. Each moderating layer is between at least two absorption layers.

Abstract: A sample support body includes: an insulating substrate having a measurement region formed with a plurality of through holes; a frame formed with an opening part opening to a first face and a second face to correspond to the measurement region, and formed on the first surface such that the opening part overlaps the measurement region when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate; an adhesive layer to bond the substrate and the frame and having a protruding portion protruding from an inner surface of the opening part toward the measurement region; and a conductive layer having a first portion provided along the inner surface of the opening part, a second portion provided along the first surface of the measurement region, and a third portion provided along a surface of the protruding portion so as to connect the first portion and the second portion.

Abstract: Fermions are the building blocks of matter. Here, we disclose a robust quantum register composed of hundreds of fermionic atom pairs trapped in an optical lattice. With each fermion pair forming a spin-singlet, the qubit is realized as a set of near-degenerate, symmetry-protected two-particle wavefunctions describing common and relative motion. Degeneracy is lifted by the atomic recoil energy, which depends on mass and lattice wavelength, thereby rendering two-fermion motional qubits insensitive to noise of the confining potential. The quantum coherence can last longer than ten seconds. Universal control is provided by modulating interactions between the atoms. Via state-dependent, coherent conversion of free atom pairs into tightly bound molecules, we tune the speed of motional entanglement over three orders of magnitude, yielding 104 Ramsey oscillations within the coherence time.

Abstract: A broad-band sensor for a radio frequency plasma processing system that includes a reaction chamber housing an electrode within a vacuum processing environment. The sensor includes an inductive pickup positioned in the vacuum processing environment proximate to the electrode. The inductive pickup includes a wire formed into a loop extending in an azimuthal direction about a symmetry axis of the reaction chamber. A lead carrying an electric signal from the inductive pickup extends through a vacuum wall of the reaction chamber outside the vacuum processing environment. An attenuator circuit including an electrical resistance bridge couples the lead to a signal carrier extending outside the vacuum processing environment. The broad-band sensor has radio frequency detection capability for measuring electromagnetic surface modes within the plasma chamber and coupling the measured electromagnetic surface modes to the signal carrier.

Abstract: A device for improving an interior air quality in a vehicle includes a photoreactor and a control device. The photoreactor is connectable, by a photoreactor line section, between a fresh air intake and an air distribution system of a ventilation system and/or air conditioning system of the vehicle. The photoreactor line section has a controllable valve in each of the two end regions, i.e., at the respective points at which it is connectable on the one hand to the fresh air intake and on the other hand to the air distribution system. The photoreactor has UV-C LEDs that emit UV-C radiation. The control device controls the air passing through the photoreactor using the controllable valves arranged in the photoreactor line section in such a way that the air passing through is exposed to a predetermined UV-C radiation dose.

Abstract: An ultraviolet sterilization system can be mounted to an air duct to sterilize the air therein and then selectively removed and used in a handheld portable mode that allows a user to sterilize a target surface. The ultraviolet sterilization system may include a housing, a heatsink element, an array of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) housed within the housing to generate a directional beam of ultraviolet radiation, and an electronic driver housed within the housing to drive the ultraviolet LEDs. One or more power interfaces allow for operation in an AC mode plugged into a power receptacle or in a DC mode plugged into a portable power source.

Abstract: A spray-capillary device is configured to process ultra-low-volume samples. The spray-capillary device includes a capillary tube that includes a lumen, an inner surface, an outer surface, an inlet end for receiving a fluid, and a discharge end having a porous section. A polymer material may be applied to the inner surface to form a polymer coating thereon. A downstream connector provides an interface between the porous section of the capillary tube, a conductive fluid, and a high voltage electrical source. The application of voltage to the downstream connector causes electrospray ionization, which can be used to draw ultra-low-volume samples into the inlet end. A gas injection assembly can be used to increase the pressure on the inlet end of the capillary tube to encourage movement of the sample therethrough. The spray-capillary device may be used to provide the ultra-low-volume samples to a mass spectrometer or other suitable analytic device.

Abstract: An electron beam is irradiated on a specimen in a state where a negative voltage is applied to the specimen. The specimen is rotated to establish an optimum orientation of a specimen surface shape relative to an orientation of a detector having two detection surfaces disposed at rotational symmetric positions with respect to an optical axis of the electron beam taken as an axis of rotation, and an image is generated based on a quantity of a signal from reflected electrons detected by the detector.

Abstract: A particle beam system includes a multi-beam particle source and a magnetic multi-deflector array. The magnetic multi-deflector array includes a coil that is arranged such that, during use of the particle beam system, a multiplicity of individual particle beams substantially passes through the first coil so that they are deflected in an azimuthal direction to correct an azimuthal telecentricity error of the particle beam system so that the individual particle beams telecentrically impinge on an object plane of the particle beam system.

Abstract: A multi-atomic object crystal is transported from a first leg to a second leg of an atomic object confinement apparatus through a corresponding junction. Voltage sources in electrical communication with electrodes of the apparatus are controlled to confine the crystal in the first leg. The voltage sources are controlled to cause transport of the crystal along the first leg to proximate the junction and then to cause generation of a time-dependent potential at the junction that is configured to cause the crystal to traverse a transport path through the junction from the first leg to the second leg via a dynamic potential well defining a particular variable axial frequency. The transport path is determined by combining a path of constant total confinement for a representative atomic object of the crystal and a path of radio frequency minimum for the representative atomic object, using a particular variable path ratio.

Abstract: A liquid treatment system and a cleaning arrangement, wherein said liquid treatment system comprises at least one ultra-violet (UV) light treatment lamp arranged within an elongated protective UV-transparent sleeve provided along a central longitudinal axis A, said sleeve having an outer surface and an essentially circular cross-sectional shape; and a reactor configured to receive said sleeve, whereby a liquid treatment chamber for receiving liquid to be treated, is provided between an inner surface of the reactor and the outer surface of the sleeve; wherein said liquid treatment system further comprises at least one cleaning arrangement comprising at least one coil spring, which is wrapped around at least a part of a circumference of the sleeve such that a spring force of the at least one coil spring will press the coil spring towards the sleeve, wherein said cleaning arrangement is configured to be moved along the sleeve and the coil spring will clean the outer surface of the sleeve, wherein said cleaning a

Abstract: An emitter for emitting radiations at a specific wavelength includes a Joule-heated emitting electrical conductor to emit radiations at an emission temperature, a controller to control a variable voltage subjected to the Joule-heated emitting electrical conductor and modulated according to a duty cycle, the duty cycle being variable between a high-average power duty cycle during hot periods, so that the Joule-heated emitting electrical conductor is subjected to a high-average power to reach and maintain the emission temperature; and a low-average power duty cycle during cold periods alternated to the hot periods, so that the Joule-heated emitting electrical conductor is subjected to a low-average power to reach a temperature smaller than the emission temperature, wherein the high-average power duty cycle and the low-average power duty cycle is defined based on a temperature-indicative measured value indicative of the ambient temperature as measured.

Abstract: Systems and methods of providing X-ray optics are described. The optics are formed from CVD thin film diamond. The optics lave three sections that include a tip on which X-rays impinge, a base, and an intermediate section connecting the base and the tip. The intermediate section tapers from the base to the tip. The base has a substantially larger thickness than the tip. The base is disposed within a holder that securely retains the optics to provide vibration control, while the tip is thin enough to provide thermal management and reduce crystal strain.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a holder, a light emitting unit, and a housing. The holder includes a head holder in which a head of a wearable device is mounted, and a body holder in which a body of the wearable device is disposed. The light emitting unit emits light toward the head holder. The housing surrounds the holder and the light emitting unit.

Abstract: A method of time of flight (ToF) mass spectrometry comprising: pushing ions into a ToF mass analyser in a plurality of pushes, wherein the time spacing between adjacent pushes is shorter than either the longest flight time, or the range of flight times, of the ions; detecting the ions so as to obtain spectral data; decoding the spectral data to determine first mass spectral data relating to ions pushed into the ToF mass analyser by a first plurality of the pushes (P1-P4), and allocating this first mass spectral data to a first time stamp (t1); and decoding the spectral data to determine second mass spectral data relating to ions pushed into the ToF mass analyser by a second plurality of the pushes (P5-P8), and allocating this second mass spectral data to a second time-stamp (t2); wherein the first and second time-stamps have a time difference therebetween that is shorter than said longest flight time, or said range of flight times (4), in the ToF mass analyser.

Abstract: Provided is an electromagnetic field control member including a first insulating member that is made of a ceramic having a tubular shape and includes a plurality of through holes extending in an axial direction; a conductive member made of a metal, the conductive member sealing off each of the through holes and leaving an opening portion in the through hole, the opening portion opening to an outer periphery of the first insulating member; a power feed terminal connected to the conductive member; and flanges respectively located at two ends of the first insulating member. A second insulating member made of a ceramic having a tubular shape is disposed on an outer peripheral side of the first insulating member, and includes two ends that are hermetically fixed to the flanges, respectively.