Abstract: An apparatus for sensing voltage information of a fuel cell includes: a sensing unit configured to sense voltages of each cell and all cells included in a fuel cell; a controller configured to control the sensing unit to sense the voltages of each cell and all the cells of the fuel cell according to a command of an upper controller, or to transmit information of the sensed voltages of each cell and all the cells to the upper controller; and the upper controller configured to detect an error cell by calculating output power of the fuel cell based on the information of the voltages received from the controller, to substantially prevent damage to a surrounding cell by stopping an operation of the error cell, and to control the output power in real time in correspondence with a state of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A method and a system of generating electrical power or hydrogen from thermal energy is disclosed. The method includes separating, by a selectively permeable membrane, a first saline solution from a second saline solution, receiving, by the first saline solution and/or the second saline solution, thermal energy from a heat source, and mixing the first saline solution and the second saline solution in a controlled manner, capturing at least some salinity-gradient energy as electrical power as the salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution decreases. The method further includes transferring, by a heat pump, thermal energy from the first saline solution to the second saline solution, causing the salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution to increase. The method and system may include a regeneration process, such as membrane distillation, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, salt evaporation and/or salt decomposition.

Abstract: A cylindrical secondary battery includes an electrode assembly having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator being wound in a winding direction, the positive electrode including a positive electrode uncoated portion exposed beyond the separator, the negative electrode including a negative electrode uncoated portion exposed beyond the separator, a positive electrode current collector plate coupled to the positive electrode uncoated portion by one or more positive electrode welding portions, and a negative electrode current collector plate coupled to the negative electrode uncoated portion by one or more negative electrode welding portions.

Abstract: A method for producing a rheologically modified slurry and electrochemical cells made therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed are an all-solid-state battery that may have uniform deposition of lithium and have excellent durability, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Methods and system for forming electrochemical cells are provided. An electrochemical cell may be formed by providing an electrochemical cell that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte, with at least the first electrode is a silicon-dominant electrode. A formation process may then performed, with the formation processing including charging the electrochemical cell by providing a formation charge current at about 1 C or greater to the electrochemical cell, and discharging the electrochemical cell after a rest step between the charging and the discharging.

Abstract: A fixing system for fixing battery components in a battery housing, the fixing system including a positioning unit and one or more slot nuts, wherein the positioning unit is configured to receive the one or more slot nuts at predetermined positions along the positioning unit and wherein the positioning unit including the one or more slot nuts is configured to be insertable into a slot profile.

Abstract: A method can include sensing condition of power cells in a configured multiple power cell pack via a pack management unit; based in part on the sensing, identifying a number of the power cells as a number of target cells via the pack management unit; disabling sensing condition of the number of target cells via the pack management unit; and reconfiguring the multiple power cell pack via the pack management unit to provide a reconfigured multiple power cell pack that provides power without the number of target cells.

Abstract: Provided herein are energy storage devices. In some cases, the energy storage devices are capable of being transported on a vehicle and storing a large amount of energy. An energy storage device is provided comprising at least one liquid metal electrode, an energy storage capacity of at least about 1 MWh and a response time less than or equal to about 100 milliseconds (ms).

Abstract: It is proposed a thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle comprising: a first cooling circuit filled with a first coolant, having at least a first pump, a second cooling circuit filled with a second coolant, having at least a second pump, a third cooling circuit filled with a third coolant, having at least a third pump, wherein the first, second and third cooling circuits are fluidically independent from one another, wherein there is provided at least a selective heat exchanger arrangement, for selectively coupling thermally the third cooling circuit with the first cooling circuit and/or with the second cooling circuit, under predefined conditions.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there may be provided a battery system including a plurality of battery cells, polyurethane (PU) foam arranged between the plurality of battery cells, a strain gauge disposed on a side surface of the battery cell, a cell management controller (CMC) that converts a signal received from the strain gauge and transmits the converted signal to a battery management system (BMS), and the BMS that determines a state of the battery cell through the signal received from the CMC, wherein the BMS determines that a swelling phenomenon occurs when the signal input to the CMC is transmitted to the BMS and a time during which a value of the signal exceeds a set limit value continues for a set time or more due to a resistance value converted by the strain gauge, and thus an automatic coping operation is implemented, and the BMS is normally operated when the time during which the value of the signal transmitted to the BMS exceeds the set limit value is not greater than the set

Abstract: A method and system of generating electrical power or hydrogen from thermal energy is disclosed. The method includes separating, by a selectively permeable membrane, a first saline solution from a second saline solution, receiving, by the first saline solution and/or the second saline solution, thermal energy from a heat source, and mixing the first saline solution and the second saline solution in a controlled manner, capturing at least some salinity-gradient energy as electrical power as the salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution decreases. The method further includes transferring, by a heat pump, thermal energy from the first saline solution to the second saline solution, causing the salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution to increase. The method may include a process of membrane distillation, forward osmosis, evaporation, electrodialysis, and/or salt decomposition for further energy efficiency and power generation.

Abstract: A solid-state battery that includes one or more battery constituent units each including a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, in which the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer have a central portion and an outer edge portion surrounding the central portion in a plan view of the solid-state battery, and in at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer: 1.05?(maximum value of film thickness of outer edge portion)/(average film thickness of central portion)<1.34 and (average film thickness of solid electrolyte layer)/(average film thickness of central portion)>0.35.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, which has a small particle diameter, high initial charge-discharge efficiency, and a high 2 C discharge rate, and achieves both input-output characteristics and durability. Disclosed is a carbon material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, in which a 50% by volume particle diameter in a cumulative frequency distribution is 1.0 ?m or more and less than 5.0 ?m, a specific surface area by a BET method is 6.5 m2/g or less, a tap density (DTAP) is 0.70 g/cm3 or more, and a Raman R value obtained by Raman spectroscopy is more than 0.100 and less than 0.300, and the carbon material has a carbonaceous film on a surface of graphitized material particles of a mesophase microbead.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a first reference voltage and a third reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a second reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to calculate a first resistance ratio, and determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal based, at least in part, on the first resistance ratio. The controller is further configured to calculate a second resistance ratio, and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal based, at least in part, on the second resistance ratio.

Abstract: An apparatus for pre-lithiating a negative electrode includes a pre-lithiation reactor having a pre-lithiation solution accommodated therein, a high-pressure chamber surrounding the pre-lithiation reactor, wherein an internal air pressure of the high-pressure chamber is configured to exceed atmospheric pressure, at least one lithium metal counter electrode disposed in the pre-lithiation solution, the lithium metal counter electrode being disposed to face a negative electrode receivable in the pre-lithiation solution in a state that the lithium metal counter electrode is spaced apart from the negative electrode by a predetermined interval, and a charge and discharge unit being connectable to the negative electrode and the lithium metal counter electrode to provide a circuit.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell may comprise first and second electrode sheets wound around a cylindrical core forming a jellyroll structure, the first and second electrode sheets each comprising uncoated conductive edges parallel to end faces of the jellyroll structure, and coated opposing surfaces between the uncoated conductive edges, first and second separator sheets mechanically and electrically separating the coated opposing surfaces of the first and second electrode sheets and mechanically and electrically separating the cylindrical core and the coated opposing surfaces of the first electrode sheet, and slotted cutouts from the uncoated conductive edges, the slotted cutouts angularly co-located relative to the cylindrical core upon forming the jellyroll structure.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a battery comprising a housing. In some embodiments, the housing comprises an opening. In some embodiments, the battery comprises at least one fluoropolymer membrane. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane covers the opening of the housing. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane has a crystallinity of 85% to 100%. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane has a density of 2.0 g/cm3 to 2.2 g/cm3. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane has a CO2 permeability to moisture permeability ratio of more than 0.5. A polytetrafluoroethylene film for electronic components, characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene film can have a density of 1.40 g/cm3 or higher and an air impermeability of 3,000 seconds or higher.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting power of a fuel cell for power generation to remove an open voltage of the fuel cell and a method thereof are provided. A power converter converts and supplies power generated by the fuel cell to a system or load. A controller maintains a current linkage to the system or load to reduce an open circuit voltage (OCV) of the fuel cell, after power generation of the fuel cell is ended. The apparatus removes the OCV of the fuel cell to reduce performance and life of the fuel cell, when the fuel cell is stopped.

Abstract: A composite anode for an all-solid-state battery, the composite anode having no active anode material is provided. Specifically, the anode includes: an anode current collector; and a protective layer positioned on the anode current collector, and including a metallic compound and a metal alloyable with lithium, wherein the metallic compound includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a metal carbide, and a combination thereof.