Abstract: In one aspect of the present disclosure, a disc brake rotor assembly is provided that includes a disc brake rotor and a wheel hub. One of the disc brake rotor and the wheel hub includes a plurality of pairs of partial keyways and the other of the disc brake rotor and the wheel hub includes intermediate partial keyways configured to fit intermediate the pairs of partial keyways to form keyways. The disc brake rotor assembly further includes a plurality of fasteners configured to be received in the keyways to secure the disc brake rotor and the wheel hub together.

Abstract: A shock absorber is provided having a cylinder, a piston rod, a piston body, and a valve. The cylinder is configured to receive fluid. The piston body is connected to the piston rod and is configured to reciprocate within the cylinder between a compression chamber and a rebound chamber. The valve is provided by the piston body having a fluid flow port, a valve seat, a circumferential valving element, and a spring configured to urge the valve body into the valve seat. A primary damping valve and an auxiliary damping valve are also provided.

Abstract: A brake system comprises a reservoir; a brake pedal; a master cylinder including a first master chamber, a second master chamber, a first master piston, and a second master piston; a first hydraulic circuit including at least one first hydraulic wheel brake; a second hydraulic circuit including at least one second hydraulic wheel brake; and a hydraulic pressure supplier including an actuator for pressurizing the first hydraulic circuit and the second hydraulic circuit depending on an operation of the brake pedal in a normal operating mode. The master cylinder further comprises a locking chamber and an elastic pedal feel element arranged in the first master chamber to be in contact with the first master piston and the second master piston for generating a pedal force when the brake pedal is operated while the second master piston is locked in the normal operating mode.

Abstract: A method is described for detecting a braking action of a railway vehicle (RV) comprising monitoring the load transfer to a first axle of the railway vehicle (RV) from a second axle following the first axle according to the direction of travel (d) and, if the load transfer exceeds a predetermined threshold, determining that the railway vehicle (RV) is braking. An emergency braking method is also described comprising detecting an emergency braking request, activating an electrodynamic braking system to decelerate the railway vehicle when the emergency braking request is detected, applying the method to detect a braking action of a railway vehicle and, if so, determining that the electrodynamic braking system is operating correctly and using the electrodynamic braking system to fulfill at least partially the emergency braking request.

Abstract: A shock for a vehicle includes a tube elongated along an axis. A piston is disposed in the tube and is moveable relative to the tube along the axis. A rod is connected to the piston. A floating piston is spaced from the piston along the axis and is moveable relative to the tube along the axis. The tube defines a working chamber between the piston and the floating piston. The tube defines a gas chamber. The floating piston separates the gas chamber from the working chamber. The floating piston has a housing slideably engaged with the tube and a membrane fluidly separating the working chamber from the gas chamber. The membrane is flexible relative to the housing.

Abstract: A brake pad of a vehicle brake, in particular of a disc brake of a commercial vehicle, includes a brake pad carrier having a support surface, a friction lining attached to the support surface, a recess extending into the support surface in an axial direction, and a wear indication device arranged at least partially inside the recess. The brake pad carrier includes a clamping member coupled to the wear indication device that rests against an inner wall of the recess. The clamping member is configured to apply a clamping force on the wear indication device in a radial direction. The wear indication device and the clamping member are inserted axially into the recess.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are active hydraulic cylinders for use in active vehicle suspension systems, and methods for assembling active hydraulic cylinders for use in an active vehicle suspension system. In particular, in certain embodiments a manifold may encircle a portion of an outer tube of a twin tube assembly. The manifold may mechanically and fluidly couple a pump assembly to the twin tube assembly. In certain embodiments, the manifold may be welded onto the outer tube.

Abstract: Disclosed herein a electromechanical brake includes a power converter including a nut provided in a cylinder portion of a caliper housing slidably coupled to a carrier and configured to rotate by receiving a driving force from an actuator, and a spindle connected to the nut and configured to move forward or backward by rotation of the nut in a first direction or a second direction; a pressing member coupled to a front side of the spindle and configured to press a pad plate; and a position adjuster screwed into the cylinder portion so that the power converter is mounted and configured to adjust a relative position of the caliper housing in response to an operation of the power converter.

Abstract: A pot-shaped composite brake rotor for motor vehicles, which combines at least one securing component as a hub interface with at least one friction ring component (as a friction partner for at least one friction lining. Distinction is made between a torque transmission function a fixing function between the paired components by the provision of a heat-conductive joint interface between the components on one side. The components are assembled coaxially with one another and joined rotationally fixedly in the axial direction so that the securing component serves as a heat sink for the friction ring component. At least one fixing element between the components is provided separately, and this fixing element substantially exclusively (nominal load) performs a fixing function by mutual form fit by a radially directed engagement behind at least one undercut. A press-fit connection s present for torque transmission between the securing component and the friction ring component.

Abstract: Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

Abstract: A railroad equipment state determination apparatus includes: a storage that stores a plurality of operation data associated with a prescribed operation performed by railroad equipment that is driven by a motor from a stopped state to perform the prescribed operation and then comes into the stopped state again; an evaluation criteria setting section that sets evaluation criteria based on the plurality of operation data stored in the storage; and a determination section that determines whether new operation data resulting from the prescribed operation newly performed by the railroad equipment is abnormal based on the evaluation criteria.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a new type of variable stiffness magnetic spring, which can have a highly linear translational force characteristic. The variable stiffness is achieved through the rotation of a central magnet. Both positive and negative spring constants can be created. Using an analytic-based field analysis modelling technique, the operating principle and linearity characteristics of the adjustable magnetic spring are studied. The use of a magnetic spring with an adjustable negative spring constant could enable an ocean generator to continuously operate in a resonant state, thereby greatly increasing its power generation capability. The described variable stiffness spring could also be useful in other energy harvesting applications, robotic actuator applications, and/or other applications.

Abstract: An adaptive suspension damper may include a body defining a working chamber, and a sleeve operably coupled to the body to alternately open the working chamber to enable a working fluid to enter or leave the working chamber relative to compression and rebound events experienced at the adaptive suspension damper, and close the working chamber to enable the piston head to act as a hydraulic ram inside the working chamber to selectively adjust a position of a piston head in the working chamber to adjust a height of a corner of a vehicle at which the adaptive suspension damper is located.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a hard side damping element that imparts a resistance to a flow of liquid moving between an extension side chamber and a compression side chamber, a solenoid valve configured to change an aperture area of a bypass passage that bypasses the hard side damping element and communicates with the extension side chamber and the compression side chamber, a soft side damping element provided in series with the solenoid valve in the bypass passage, and a tank connected to the compression side chamber. The hard side damping element includes an orifice and leaf valves provided in parallel with the orifice. The soft side damping element includes an orifice having a larger aperture area than the orifice.

Abstract: A disc brake assembly having brake pads, a brake carrier, a caliper, and an actuating arrangement. The caliper is slidable with respect to the brake carrier for clamping and release of a rotor by the brake pads. The actuating arrangement is configured to selectively move the caliper and the brake carrier relative to each other generally transverse to a first longitudinal axis so as to lock or inhibit sliding of the caliper relative to the carrier.

Abstract: Techniques regarding a vehicle suspension assembly are provided herein. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can regard an apparatus that can comprise a locking plate that can be located between a first spring and a second spring in a first direction. Also, the locking plate can comprise a locking pin. Moreover, the apparatus can comprise a locking sleeve that can surround the first spring and the locking plate. The locking sleeve can comprise a first channel that traverses the locking sleeve in the first direction. The locking sleeve can further comprise a second channel that is connected to the first channel and traverses the locking sleeve in a second direction.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a frictional brake element for a friction brake of a motor vehicle, in particular brake disk, having a main element which is manufactured in particular from grey cast iron and which has at least one wear protection layer applied to the main element and at least one intermediate layer situated between the wear protection layer and the main element. It is provided that the intermediate layer is a metallic intermediate layer applied by laser deposition welding.

Abstract: A disc brake hub and rotor assembly for a heavy-duty vehicle. The disc brake hub and rotor assembly includes a hub receivable on and rotatable about an axle spindle of a heavy-duty vehicle. A rotor is connectable with the hub for rotation with the hub. The rotor includes a disc segment, a flange mounting segment, and a cylindrical sleeve segment connecting the disc segment and the flange mounting segment. A flange is connectable with the flange mounting segment and separately with the hub. The flange mounting segment of the rotor has an inboard facing surface at least part of which is for engaging head portions of wheel studs. The inboard facing surface is substantially planar and free of wheel stud clearance reliefs. A transition region is located between the flange mounting segment and sleeve segment and is also free of wheel stud clearance reliefs.

Abstract: Disc brake comprising a yoke, at least one first brake pad mounted so as to slide within the yoke, the first brake pad comprising a pad support and a friction material, a caliper comprising at least one piston mounted so as to slide within the caliper in such a way as to move the first brake pad in relation to the yoke, at least one actuator configured to move the piston axially, and a separators device inserted between the piston and the first brake pad forming an equaliser so as to distribute the thrust force exerted by the piston onto at least two zones of the first brake pad, at least partially distinct from the projection of the piston onto the first brake pad.

Abstract: A damper having a pressure tube, a piston, and a hydraulic compression stop assembly. The piston is arranged in sliding engagement inside the pressure tube. The piston divides the pressure tube into a first working chamber and a second working chamber and the piston is coupled to a piston rod that extends through the first working chamber. The hydraulic compression stop assembly is positioned in the second working chamber. The hydraulic compression stop assembly includes a sleeve, a plunger, a biasing member, and a pressure relief valve. The plunger is arranged in sliding engagement with the sleeve and can therefore move between an extended position and a retracted position. The biasing member biases the plunger towards the extended position and the pressure relief valve relieves excessive fluid pressure inside the hydraulic compression stop assembly.