Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for studying quenching fluids and quenchability of materials in the form of testpieces 5, comprising a heating furnace, a means for introducing each testpiece into the quenching liquid and extracting the quenched testpiece, a quenching tank 20 containing the quenching fluid and a means for circulating the quenching fluid. According to the invention, the quenching tank 20 comprises an upper tank 21 and a lower tank 22 connected by a means 27 for organizing the circulation, the upper tank being provided with an immersed injector 40 formed by at least one circular array comprising a plurality of radial nozzles and connected to a pressurized fluid source 30, the upper part of the upper tank comprising a conduit 39 for returning the fluid to the pressurization means 30, the lower tank 32 comprising a separate pressurized fluid intake, which apparatus includes means for regulating the temperature of the fluid and means for measuring the speed of the fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement of final cooling of the steel strip by immersing in cooling water, which strip has been cooled through a cooling zone in a continuous heat treating line. The improvement is achieved by injecting cooling water to the surface of the immersed strip to rapidly cool the strip to a predetermined temperature until the strip reaches the first sink-roll and resulted in that any dirt adhesion on the surface of the strip caused by contacting with the first sink-roll is prevented without increment of cooling cost.

Abstract: A method of gas carburizing and hardening a steel article and a continuous furnace therefor. The method includes the steps of carburizing the article in a carburizing atmosphere at atmospheric pressure, heating the article in a vacuum for a predetermined period of time, and hardening the article.

Abstract: The outer surface of an elongated metal component such as a bar is rapidly heated by an induction coil and is thereafter cooled by a quenching spray while being subjected to tensile forces so high that the center portion of the bar approaches yield causing the bar to elongate slightly. The tension on the bar is released thereby obtaining high residual compressive surface stresses in the cooled outer layers of the bar which define an annulus and which shortens the bar slightly until compressive stresses in the surface layers equal the tensile stresses acting on the central sections of the bar thereby greatly improving the fatigue life of the bar.

Abstract: A powdered material and a process for producing the material are disclosed. The powdered material consists essentially of iron group based and chromium based spherical particles. The material is essentially free of elliptical shaped material and elongated particles having rounded ends. The material has a particle size of less than about 20 micrometers. The process for making the spherical particles involves mechanically reducing the size of a starting material to produce a finer powder the major portion of which has a particle size of less than about 20 micrometers. The finer powder is entrained in a carrier gas and passed through a high temperature zone at a temperature above the melting point of the powder to melt at least about 50% by weight of the powder and form the spherical particles of the melted portion. The powder is then directly solidified.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making in-situ precipitated second phase in a metal matrix which mixture is rapidly solidified to form a product. The invention also relates to a rapidly solidified product.

Abstract: An inside-outside quench arrangement is disclosed for long steel pipe which utilizes a tangential quench arrangement to cool the pipe's outside surface and an axial flow nozzle to cool the pipe's inside surface at approximately the same cooling rate. The O.D. quench arrangement includes a manifold carrying jet nozzles circumscribing the pipe which can be pivoted apart to permit a four-bar linkage mechanism to smoothly and efficiently transfer the pipe into and out of the arrangement for quenching. A roller drive arrangement rotates the pipe in a longitudinally stationary position to minimize pipe bow and enhance pipe cooling.

Abstract: A solder composition having a low melting point and a high remelting point sufficient to permit electronic circuit elements to be fixed on a printed circuit board at a low soldering temperature to prevent thermal damage of the electronic circuit elements during the mounting and prevent the elements from dropping off from the board due to any heat applied thereto after soldering. The solder composition includes a low melting solder powder containing a metal additive for melting-point depression, and a reactive alloy powder. The low melting solder powder is melted to form a soldering layer which serves to mount electronic circuit elements on a printed circuit board at a relatively low soldering temperature. At the soldering temperature, the metal additive is reacted with the reactive alloy powder to cause the soldering layer to have a remelting temperature higher than a melting point of the solder composition or solder powder.

Abstract: In the system, heating device (2), quenching press (4), tempering device (6), and cooling device (8) are connected one directly after the other in such a way that the workpieces (10) pass through the individual stations with specified cycle times and without heat loss. The temperature-time response during the individual treatment steps is controlled by means of a central program control in accordance with a specified program determined by testing and/or calculation. The system is especially suitable for use in the fully automatic, thermomechanical treatment in mass production of disk springs, especially those which have a greater hardness at the free ends of the lamellae than in the remaining areas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a class of multicomponent, high capacity hydrogen storage materials suitable for use in a heat pump comprising titanium, vanadium, manganese and iron. The hydrogen storage materials are disordered, multiphase, polycrystalline materials which are predominately vanadium and comprise at least a major crystalline phase substantially surrounded by an intergranular phase, with one or more inclusion phases. The materials are characterized by a Bragg x-ray diffraction pattern with a major peak occurring 43 degrees 2 theta. Also disclosed are processes for making the class of materials and a heat pump system utilizing at least one such material.

Abstract: A process for heat treating a carbon steel wire to obtain a fine pearlite structure is characterized by the following steps: (a) cooling the wire until the wire reaches a given temperature which is below the AC.sub.1 transformation temperature; (b) regulating the temperature of the wire to not more than 10.degree. C. above or below said given temperature by passing an electric current through the wire and effecting a modulated ventilation thereof; (c) cooling the wire.

Abstract: A high pressure sintering furnace is disclosed for the production of compacts from metal and/or nonmetal powders. By mounting a cooling device between the wall of the high pressure shell and the thermal insulation, relatively thin walls can be used for the high pressure shell. Shorter cooling times are also obtained.

Abstract: An inductor, used for the inductive reheating of metallurgical products is of the C-shaped magnetic yoke inductor type designed to straddle the product to be reheated. The free ends of the yoke have magnetic poles facing one another. The yoke comprises two polar legs and two intermediate connecting rods joined to one another at one of their ends and each articulated linked respectively to one polar leg by its other end, with the three joints thus formed having parallel axes.This inductor is designed for use in the reheating of products which can have different thicknesses, in particular, for products in motion, for example, as they are being rolled.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the critical temperature at which Bainite is formed from a low carbon steel, and for forming a steel material with a predetermined percentage of Bainite. The temperature of low carbon steel is raised to a temperature above the critical temperature at which Bainite is formed. The temperature is then raised to the critical temperature and maintained at that level until a predetermined percent of the steel microstructure has changed to Bainite.A novel chain pump is disclosed for maintaining the steel at a selected temperature plateau.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treating steel plates subject to longitudinal length distortion wherein the plate at a temperature of the critical temperature of the steel passes through leveling rolls to remove the length distortion and immediately thereafter through quenching rolls which maintain length uniformity during quenching of the plate.

Abstract: Metal strip in coils is heat-treated by impinging jets of a temperature-controlled gaseous medium on the ends of the coils which are positioned with the coil axis horizontal. The medium is recirculated through heat exchangers. A rotating hearth furnace for such heat-treating has an annular hearth which carries coils in intermittent movement through successive stations in which the gaseous medium is directed on the coils.

Abstract: A material for electrical contact use has the following composition: 6 to 18 percent tin oxide, 0.25 to 1% germanium oxide, 0.2 to 2% indium oxide, balance silver, all percentages by weight. The material exhibits superior erosion characterstics.

Abstract: A method of heat treating cold rolled steel strapping comprising rapidly heating the strapping to the dual phase temperature range at a rate of the order of 100.degree. C. per second, with little or more soaking, and rapidly cooling the strapping at a rate of the order of 1000.degree. C. per second to form a microstructure comprising a matrix of recovery annealed cold work ferrite containing martensite and carbides dispersed through the matrix. A heat treatment line for performing this method is described. A heat treated cold rolled steel strapping produced by the method is also described. The steel from which the strapping is made preferably has less than 0.2.degree. C. and includes Ti in the range 0.06 to 0.15% preferably about 0.08% and Nb in the range 0.02 to 0.05% preferably about 0.04%.

Abstract: A dental material of a metal composition for reinforcing the metal framework of a dental restoration comprising an aggregate combination of metal particles including a first high fusing temperature precious metal component and a second low fusing temperature precious metal component. The particles of the first component are in a proportion of 1-15% by volume of the total composition and have a particle size at least about five times larger than the particle size of the second component.

Abstract: Novel materials having the ability to reversibly store hydrogen are amorphous metal alloys of the formulaA.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.cwhereinA is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt;M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; and M' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; andwhereina ranges from greater than zero to about 0.80;b ranges from zero to about 0.70; andc ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95;characterized in that (1) a substantial portion of A is disposed on the surface of said material and/or (2) that said material functions as an active surface layer for adsorbing/desorbing hydrogen in conjunction with a bulk storage material comprising a reversible hydrogen storage material.