Abstract: Improved processes for oxidizing alkylbenzene(s) to produce phenol and ketone product(s) using neutralizing base.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a fluorinated polyether composition as a surfactant, said fluorinated polyether composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated polyethers of the formula: (Rf)n—Xw—Z ??(I) wherein n is 1 or 2, w is 0 or 1, X is a divalent or trivalent organic linking group, Z is a polar group selected from the group consisting of an acid group or a salt thereof, an ammonium group, an amine-oxide group and an amphoteric group, and Rf represents a perfluorinated polyether group of the formula: CF3CF2CF2—O—[CF(CF3)CF2O]k—CF(CF3)— wherein k is at least 1; said mixture of fluorinated polyethers having a weight average molecular weight between 750 g/mol and 5000 g/mol and the amount of perfluorinated polyether groups in said mixture where k is 2 or less, is not more than 10% by weight of the total amount of perfluorinated polyether groups in said mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to the sulfonyl esters of the general formula R1—COO—SO2—Z—R2, wherein Z, R1 and R2 are defined as in claim 1. The invention further relates to the use of one of the inventive compounds for modifying the kinetics of the enzymatic effect of catalase. A method for measuring a concentration in living and/or active microorganisms in a liquid sample (3) by means of the development of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide is also based on the above-mentioned modification. An inventive compound is admixed in a container (1) to the sample, said compound inactivates the enzymatic effect of endogenous catalase without substanially inactivating the enzymatic effect of the intracellular catalase of microorganisms. Hydrogen peroxide is added and immediately afterwards the pressure present in the sample container is briefly equalized with the atmosphere, the container is closed in a gas-tight manner (2) during a predetermined reaction time and the pressure in the container is measured (9, 10, 11).

Abstract: The present invention provides compound having the structure: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof, as well as compositions including such compounds. The invention also provides methods of (1) preventing pain, (2) treating pain, (3) inducing sedation, (4) treating opiate addiction, (5) treating opiate withdrawal (abstinence syndrome) and/or (6) treating cough in a patient in need thereof by administering a compound or composition of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for the oxychlorination of ethylene, comprising a mixture of metal salts on a support, where said metal salts are applied to the support in such ratios that the catalyst composition comprises a) from 3 to 12% by weight of copper as copper salt, b) from 0 to 3% by weight of an alkaline earth metal as alkaline earth metal salt, c) from 0 to 3% by weight of an alkaline metal as alkaline metal salt, d) from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.005 to 0.05% by weight, of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, and/or from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 0.05% by weight, of gold, as corresponding metal salt or tetrachloroauric acid, where all percentages by weight are based on the total weight of the catalyst including support material.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the synthesis of aryl or alkene borates which comprises reacting: (i) an olefinic compound having a halogen or halogen-like substituent in a vinylic substitution position, or (ii) an aromatic ring having a halogen or halogen-like substituent in a ring substitution position, with a disubstituted monohydroborane in the presence of a Group 8–11 metal catalyst. The invention also relates to the use of these borates in coupling reactions. The invention further relates to certain disubstituted monohydroboranes and aryl or alkene borates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic boronic acid derivatives involving the reaction of an organic compound with diboronic acid in the presence of a Group 8-11 metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates methods for treating disease conditions selected from the list consisting of benign or malignant tumors, diseases of the airways and lungs, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the bile duct and the gall bladder by administration to a patient in need thereof of a therapeutically effective amount of a bicyclic heterocyclic groups of general formula wherein said substituents are as defined herein.

Abstract: (Benzenesulfonyl)difluoromethyl anion, in situ generated from difluoromethyl phenyl sulfone and a base, was found to easily undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN2) with primary alkyl halides, elemental halogens, and perfluoroalkyl halides with good selectivity. The formed (benzenesufonyl)difluoromethylalkanes are useful intermediates for the facile preparation of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes and difluoromethylalkanes.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitrone compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. The nitrone compounds have one to six additional carbons bridging between the nitrone functionality and the nitrone aryl ring. The disclosed compositions are useful as therapeutics for inflammation-related conditions and analgesia in mammals, such as arthritis, and for neuropathic pain and traumatic injuries such as traumatic brain injury and acute spinal cord injury.

Abstract: A softener composition, which contains tri-long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt that has been considered to be difficult to use as a softener base agent, and which can provide a softener composition that provides a sufficient softening performance, is provided with (A) a cationic surfactant comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts represented by the formulae (I), (II) or (III), wherein the ratio of quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (I) to the total amount of these salts exceeds 50 weight %, with the ratio thereof represented by (III) being set to not more than 10%, and (B) at least one nonionic surfactant. In this case, (A) may include tertiary amine. (wherein, R1, R2 and R3 represent long-chain alkyl groups, etc. having total carbon atoms of 8 to 40, which may be intersected by an ether group, an ester group or an amide group; R4 represents an alkyl group, etc. having carbon atoms of 1 to 6, and X? represents an anionic group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 6-alkoxy-(6H)-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorins, wherein 6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin 6-oxides of the formula I are used as the reactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of diacyl peroxide by contacting acyl halide and peroxide complex in compatible aprotic solvent substantially free of compounds oxidizable by the peroxide complex or the reaction products of organic acyl halide with peroxide complex and the initiation of polymerization with diacyl peroxide in the aprotic solvent.

Abstract: A pharmaceutically acceptable alendronate salt in an amorphous form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphate transport inhibiting compound represented by Structural Formula (I): R1 and R2 are independently —H, an electron withdrawing group or a C1–C10 alkyl group. Y is a covalent bond, a substituted methylene group, an unsubstituted methylene group or —CR1R2P(O)(OH)—. R3 is a hydrocarbyl group optionally comprising one or more amine, ammonium, ether, thioether or phenylene linking groups, a substituted hydrocarbyl group optionally comprising one or more amine, ammonium, ether, thioether or phenylene linking groups, a heteroaryl group, a substituted heteroaryl group or a phenyl group substituted with one or more groups selected from —Cl, —Br, —F, —CN, —NO2, —ORa, —N(Ra)2, —COORa, —CON(Ra)2, —CORa, —S(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra, —S(O)2N(Ra)2, —NRaS(O)2Ra, —NRaCORa, a halogenated lower alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, or a halogenated alkoxy group. Each Ra is independently —H, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (1), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof: wherein m represents an integer of 0 to 4, n represents an integer of 5 to 9, and R represents hydrogen atom or a protective group of hydroxyl group, which has reducing actions of blood glucose, plasma insulin, and triglyceride, and is useful for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of diabetes, complications of diabetes, hyperlipemia and others.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted cyclopentene compounds of the general formula I, to a process for the production thereof, to pharmaceutical preparations containing these compounds and to the use thereof for the production of pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: ?-Chloroisopropyl-substituted aromatics are obtained in high yield by treating isopropenyl-substituted aromatics with hydrogen chloride gas in the absence of a solvent. The ?-chloroisopropyl-substituted aromatics serve as initiators for the cationic polymerization of isobutene.

Abstract: Bis(2-acenyl)acetylene compounds that are useful as organic semiconductors are disclosed. The compounds, when used as the active layer in OTFTs exhibit device characteristics, like charge-carrier mobilities and current on/off ratios, that are comparable to those of pentacene. Also described are semiconductor devices comprising at least one compound of the invention; and articles comprising the semiconductor devices such as thin film transistors or transistor arrays, and electroluminescent lamps.

Abstract: Chiral ligands and metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The metal complexes according to the present invention are useful as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, such as, hydrogenation, hydride transfer, allylic alkylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, olefin metathesis, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition; epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [m+n] cycloaddition. Processes for the preparation of the ligands are also described.