Abstract: A high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a plurality of unit cells each having an anode separator, a cathode separator, and a membrane electrode assembly which is sandwiched between the anode separator and the cathode separator. The membrane electrode assembly includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and an anode current collector and a cathode current collector which are disposed respectively on opposite sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. An electrically-conductive member is interposed between the cathode separator and disc springs and between a plate member and the cathode current collector so as to integrally extend from a region between the cathode separator and the disc springs to a region between the plate member and the cathode current collector. The electrically-conductive member includes an electrically-conductive path which electrically connects the cathode separator with the cathode current collector.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electrochemical treatment of liquids and production of gases. Increased operating efficiency of an electrochemical device is achieved through the combination of measures: (1) sealing of the device on an element-by-element basis; (2) transfer of the liquid and gaseous phase interface into a passive extension of an anode chamber; (3) utilization of a tubular cathode as an inner wall and a cylindrical anode with an external coating as an outer wall; (4) positioning of channels and determining their dimensions so as to maintain helicity of electrolyte movement combined with the increase of the production output; (5) positioning and design of terminals, which provide for the reduction of their heating; and (6) ability of the device to operate under the conditions, when its longitudinal axis deviates from the vertical line by an angle of ??85° and under pumping conditions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the synthesis of lubricant-containing microcapsules are disclosed. Embodiments of composite nickel and copper coatings containing capsules with liquid lubricating oil cores are also disclosed. In certain embodiments, microcapsules can be incorporated into a metal plating solution to perform composite electrodeposition to obtain self lubricant metallic coatings. In some embodiments, much lower friction coefficient (˜0.8) and far better wear resistance was obtained with the copper/microcapsules composite.

Abstract: An electrolytic extraction method wins a target element from an oxide feedstock compound thereof. The feedstock compound is dissolved in an oxide melt in contact with a cathode and an anode in an electrolytic cell. During electrolysis the target element is deposited at a liquid cathode and coalesces therewith. Oxygen is evolved on an anode bearing a solid oxide layer, in contact with the oxide melt, over a metallic anode substrate.

Abstract: A method for the electrochemical coating of a workpiece surface (2), micro- or nanoscale particles being introduced into the coating is provided. During coating, at least one jet composed of a jet medium comprising the micro- or nanoscale particles to be introduced is directed onto the workpiece surface (2).

Abstract: An anode device for an electro-f locculation cell, is provided comprising a bed of metal granules (1c) through which raw water is flown from the bottom to the top, is loosely provided in a cell box (3) out of insulating material on an electrically conducting electrode (1) plate provided with insulating material nozzles (Da1-Dc1) and serving as current feeding means to the metal granules (1c), further comprising non-conducting, hydraulic tube connections (6a-6c) which are provided from the insulating material nozzles (Da1-Dc1) to outlet sockets of the tubular manifold (7) for raw water, and at least two gas injectors (9) for the supply of driving a gas which are protruding into the tubular manifold (7) and are connected to a gas supply device (8), wherein fluid connections for the driving gas and the raw water are provided from the outlet sockets (7a1-7c1) of the tubular manifold (7) through to the non-conducting tube connections and the insulating material nozzles to the metal granules (Ic) provided within th

Abstract: A cell having an anode compartment and a cathode compartment is used to electrolyze an alkali metal polysulfide into an alkali metal. The cell includes an anode, wherein at least part of the anode is housed in the anode compartment. The cell also includes a quantity of anolyte housed within the anode compartment, the anolyte comprising an alkali metal polysulfide and a solvent. The cell includes a cathode, wherein at least part of the cathode is housed in the cathode compartment. A quantity of catholyte is housed within the cathode compartment. The cell operates at a temperature below the melting temperature of the alkali metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for extracting gallium from fly ash, which comprises the following steps: crushing the fly ash and removing Fe by magnetic separation; then dissolving it by using hydrochloric acid to obtain hydrochloric acid leachate; adsorbing gallium contained in the hydrochloric acid leachate with macro-porous cationic resin, followed by eluting to obtain an eluent containing gallium; adding masking agent to mask ferric ion to obtain an eluent containing gallium after masking; adsorbing gallium in the eluent containing gallium after masking with macro-porous cationic resin, followed by eluting to obtain a secondary eluent; adding sodium hydroxide solution into the secondary eluent to react; filtering and removing precipitates after reaction, and then concentrating the filtrate and electrolyzing to obtain metal gallium. The method simplifies the process and improves extraction efficiency of gallium.

Abstract: An improved galvanic processing device includes disk shaped electrodes made from a metal which have circumferential segments aligned at an angle ? relative to the plane of the circumference of the electrode. The circumferential segments may have portions aligned at a different angle ? relative to the plane of the circumference of the electrode.

Abstract: A galvanic processing device includes a flow container having an inlet, an outlet and a longitudinal axis. Anodes are made from a first metal. Cathodes are made from a second, different metal. The electrodes may be disk-shaped. The cathodes and anodes are alternately placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Dielectric spacer rings separate the anodes and the cathodes. The electrodes may have circumferential segments aligned at an angle ? to impart a swirl to a flow of liquid through the container. A portion of the anodes and cathodes may have the circumferential segments aligned at an angle ?? a to reverse the direction of the swirl of the flow through the flow container. Portions of the circumferential segments may be aligned at an angle ? and other portions are aligned at an angle ? so that the swirl of the flow through the flow container has components with different directions.

Abstract: An electrochemical-codeposition method for forming a carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced metal nanocomposite includes providing a reaction vessel having an anode and a cathode and a plating solution therein, where the plating solution includes at least one acid, at least one surfactant, a plurality of CNTs, and a plurality of metal cations that include at least one metal. The plating solution has a pH between 2 and 4.5 and at least a portion of the plurality of CNTs are positively charged CNTs in the plating solution. A power supply is connected between the anode and cathode. The positively charged CNTs and metal cations are both electrochemically-codeposited onto the cathode to form the nanocomposite, wherein the metal provides a continuous metal phase for the nanocomposite.

Abstract: An electrolyzer for high temperature electrolysis capable of operating in an allothermal mode including an enclosure, at least one electrolysis plate (8) including an anode and a cathode in combination and means for heating an active fluid intended to undergo a high temperature electrolysis, characterized in that the enclosure is capable of maintaining an electrolyte bath under high or very high pressure of several tens of bars, in that said heating means ( 10) are positioned in the enclosure and use a heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: An electrolyser for high-temperature electrolysis configured to operate in an allothermal mode, including an enclosure configured to maintain an electrolytic bath under high or very high pressure of several tens of bars, in which at least one electrolysis plate is arranged, and a heater internal to the enclosure. The electrolysis plate includes a plurality of electrolysis cells lying side by side in substantially one same plane, each electrolysis cell including an anode and a cathode. The heater uses a heat-carrier fluid.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell comprising an electrolysis vessel for receiving a liquid electrolyte that fills the vessel to a predetermined level, electrodes for passing an electric current through the electrolyte, a vent for allowing gases produced by the electrolytic process to leave the vessel and an air inlet means located substantially adjacent to the predetermined level for directing air into the vessel at a predetermined rate.

Abstract: A molten salt electrolysis apparatus and a molten metal electrolyzing method using such a device are disclosed having an electrolysis vessel (4) accommodating melt electrolyte including melt metal chloride, and an electrode unit (1) having electrically conductive electrodes (8), first insulation members (9) covering upper end surfaces of the electrodes and fixed thereto while extending upward from the upper end surfaces, second insulation members (10) covering lower end surfaces of the electrodes and fixed thereto while extending downward from the lower end surfaces, and an electrode frame (12) composed of an insulating body surrounding the electrodes, the electrode unit being immersed in the melt electrolyte.

Abstract: Electrolytic equipment in the form of radiation mode that is provided with pluralities of baffles (13) in the form of radiation mode on the top surface of the seat (10) and acidic water passage (131) is formed between the baffles (13). The top surface of the seat (10) has through holes (14) used to make anode conduction portions (33) of anode plate (30) through. In the center of the seat (10), there is a socket joint portion (11) that is provided with an inlet and outlet interval tube (15) in the center of it. There are plurality of equidistributed baffles (151, 157) on the inside wall and the outside wall of the inlet and outlet interval tube (15) to form raw water inlet passage (152) and acidic water outlet passage (153).

Abstract: Electrochemically deposited indium composites are disclosed. The indium composites include indium metal or an alloy of indium with one or more ceramic materials. The indium composites have high bulk thermal conductivities. Articles containing the indium composites also are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrolytic reactor consisting of a substantially hollow rectangular plastic housing for supporting a plurality of electrode plates using embedded metal fasteners and metal cap brackets for releasably fastening and sealing end cap members to the end of the reactor housing for sealed and pressurized operation in addition to providing a method for sealing and concentric alignment of electrode connectors within the reactor housing.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate plating apparatus and a substrate plating method. In the substrate plating apparatus, a substrate support member supports a substrate to allow a plating surface to look up. A plating solution containing positive ions dissolved from a positive electrode is supplied from a plating solution supply member onto the substrate at an upper side of the substrate support member. A plating bath surrounds the substrate support member. The substrate support member is rotated in a state where it is immersed into the plating solution and an additive. The substrate can be supported by the substrate support member without reversing the substrate. Also, a pattern defect due to bubbles generated during a plating process can be prevented.

Abstract: A system providing selective spin modification and reaction in an electrolytic cell. An electrolytic cell is coupled to a magnet that provides a level-splitting magnetic field in a region of electrolyte adjacent to a working electrode, thus establishing a spin resonance for an unpaired electron associated with a chemical species in the region of electrolyte adjacent to the working electrode. The working electrode carries an excitation current produced by a switching source or amplifier. The excitation current produces an alternating magnetic field adjacent to the working electrode that alters the spin state population density for the unpaired electron associated with a chemical species within the electrolyte, thereby enhancing or inhibiting the reaction of the chemical species during subsequent electrolysis.