Abstract: The image reading apparatus is of the multi-chip line sensor having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements connected through corresponding switching elements commonly to every one another. Each group of the commonly connected photoelectric conversion elements outputs on a common line an image signal which is then fed to a sample hold circuit and is thereafter outputted from a single output terminal. By such construction, the image signal from the photoelectric conversion elements is sequentially outputted externally from the single output terminal in the form of output waveshape as held in the sample hold circuit in such manner as to prolong output duration of each bit image signal to thereby enable fast operation of the line sensor.

Abstract: This invention discloses a narrow field of view scanner (10) incorporating two multi-faceted polygon scanning wheels (12, 16) having a slightly different number of facets (14, 18). Each scanning wheel (12, 16) turns at an angular rate such that a facet (14) on one wheel (12) rotates through a predetermined field of view at the same rate as a facet (18) on the other wheel (16). Further, each of the scanning wheels (12, 16) scan in opposite scanning directions. This does not necessarily mean, however, that the wheels are actually rotating in opposite directions. Because both of the scanning wheels (12, 16) are scanning in opposite directions, the scanning of one scanning wheel (16) substantially cancels the scanning of the other scanning wheel (12). Because of the difference in the number of facets (14, 18) between the two scanning wheels (12, 16), the scanning is not entirely cancel out.

Abstract: An optically reading type photo-sensor for reading out an information signal of a signal light with a signal reading light includes a first photoconductor (101) and a second photoconductor (102) interposed between two electrodes (104 and 105); an intermediate region (103) disposed between those two photoconductors for storing and recombining carriers; and an optical source (107) for emitting a signal reading light for uninformalizing the potential in said second photoconductor (102), whereby a successive signal reading can be accomplished without any special preparations for the incidence of the signal light. The photo-sensor can be applied to a variety of imaging devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the change in phase angle and/or modulation of emitted fluorescence of a fluorophore excited by modulated light from a laser diode. The light is both monochromatic and coherent, and can contain harmonic frequency components. The laser diode can be used in frequency-domain or phase-modulation measurements of fluorescence, using either phase or modulation techniques. The present invention is an improvement of the prior use of a frequency-doubled, cavity-dumped, dye laser in fluorometers. The invention provides an inexpensive light excitation source that is small in size, easily manageable, allows for short measurement times, and has lower power requirements.

Abstract: An ionization chamber is separated from an ion lens system while the chamber is in contact with an interface block so that they are directly coupled in which a heater embedded in the interface block serves to heat both the interface block and the ionization chamber.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the present invention relate to cryogenically cooling a thermoluminescent material, exposing it to a low level of radiation (less than about 1 R) while it is at the cooled temperature, warming the thermoluminescent material to "room temperature", and counting the photons emitted during heating. Sufficient sensitivity is achieved without exposing the thermoluminescent material to ultraviolet light thereby simplifying the measurements.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method for the evaluation of sample activities in multidetector liquid scintillation counters. According to the invention the memory of said apparatus is provided with a theoretically derived model for each isotope between the counting efficiencies and the quench levels. In addition at least one standard is measured in each detector in order to establish relationships between said theoretical model and each detector. The activities of an unknown sample is evaluated by utilizing said theoretical model and said relationship.

Abstract: A method for using secondary radiation scattering to evaluate the thickness of materials. The thickness of a first material adjacent to a second material may be evaluated by bombarding the first material with radiation and measuring the radiation scattered by the second material behind it. The method is particularly useful in evaluating the thickness of hydrocarbon-carrying pipelines.

Abstract: Alpha particle detectors capable of detecting alpha radiation from distant sources. In one embodiment, a voltage is generated in a single electrically conductive grid while a fan draws air containing air molecules ionized by alpha particles through an air passage and across the conductive grid. The current in the conductive grid can be detected and used for measurement or alarm. Another embodiment builds on this concept and provides an additional grid so that air ions of both polarities can be detected. The detector can be used in many applications, such as for pipe or duct, tank, or soil sample monitoring.

Abstract: A chirally asymmetric marking on a sheet of radiographic film, positively identifies the side of the film sheet facing the front of an x-ray cassette during radiographic exposure. The marking is permanent and is accomplished automatically in an inexpensive, convenient and highly reliable manner.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention comprising a rotary means having an X-ray source disposed opposite to an X-ray image detection section for detecting the image of the X-ray which penetrated an object to be photographed, with the object positioned therebetween, and rotating the X-ray source and the X-ray image detection section as an integrated unit around the object, an image storage means which sequentially stores image information obtained by the X-ray image detection section as frame images, and an image processing means which sequentially derives image information from the image storage means at predetermined time intervals, adds the information of each image while shifting the information of each image by a predetermined distance in the image movement direction along a series of image information to digitally form the panoramic image of a given tomographic image layer depending on the interval for deriving the information of each image and the shift amount.

Abstract: A multipurpose gamma counter enabling measurement of one sample at a time or alternatively two or more samples at a time and a method for sample handling in gamma measuring. The gamma counter is characterized in that the measuring unit and/or the grip unit for the sample containers are fully or partly formed of replaceable modules so that one or more necessary modular units can be fitted on the gamma counter depending on the measuring method in use at each time. The method is characterized in that, if the samples are research samples, they are measured one at a time in the detector of the research measuring chamber module and, if the samples are RIA samples, they are measured in the first place at least two at a time in the detector of the RIA measuring chamber module.

Abstract: An optical pick-up device comprises a light source, a light beam switching unit, a light intensity change unit and a signal detection unit including photodiodes.A light beam emitted from the light source and irradiated on an information recording medium has a wavelength for recording information and a wavelength, different from the former, for the reproducing information. The light beam switching unit carries out switching between a light having the wavelength for recording information and a light having the wavelength for reproducing information.The light intensity change unit transmits or reflects the light beam having the wavelength for recording information with attenuation to prevent a saturation of the photodiodes and transmits or reflects the light beam having the wavelength for reproducing information without attenuation. The light beam thus produced is detected by the signal detecting unit, and the servo control such as focusing servo, etc. is carried out on the basis of the detected signal.

Abstract: A device for marking cutaneous landmarks as a means of identifying under x-radiography pathological deep structures of the small bones of the foot that comprises affixing a radiopaque material to an adhesive tape and placing the radiopaque material over a cutaneous landmark on a patient's foot and then x-raying the highlighted area. The radiopaque material is formed into any one of a variety of shapes, such as a circle, triangle or square, so as to provide a marker that completely encompasses the cutaneous landmark. A series of such markers is affixed to a roll of tape with an adhesive backing, or provided in pre-cut form, for ease of dispensation and attachment to the patient's foot.

Abstract: An optical filter tuning apparatus and filtering method uses an optical filter that reflects light of a predetermined wavelength which is dependent on the position of incidence of the light on the filter and a retroreflector moveable with respect to the filter and which reflects light from an optical source to the position of incidence and reflects light of the predetermined wavelength from the filter to an optical receiver.

Abstract: An X-ray volume analysis method of crystalline defects of a part (11), comprises the steps of positioning the part in the plane situated at equal distance from the focus of an X-ray source and a focusing plane (14); illuminating the part from a punctual X-ray source (10) by a beam of a large spectral width .DELTA..lambda. and of determined angular opening .DELTA..theta., the opening .DELTA..theta. of the beam being fixed by .DELTA..theta..ltoreq..DELTA..lambda./2d.cos.theta., d being the interreticular distance for the considered reticular planes; orienting the part (11) to obtain the diffraction on a chosen family of reticular planes (30); and collecting and analyzing the X-ray beam near the focusing plane or beyond.

Abstract: A device and method for determining the flow of steam in a production well has a sonde with a pair of gamma ray detectors and a source of gaseous radioactive material therein. The sonde is lowered into the well and measured amounts of the gas are released and detected by the gamma detectors to thereby determine the volume and velocity of steam flowing in the production well as well as its depth of entry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling analysis of a flowable material enclosed in a transport system having an infrared transparent wall portion. A temperature differential is transiently generated between a thin surface layer portion of the material and a lower or deeper portion of the material sufficient to alter the thermal infrared emission spectrum of the material from the black-body thermal infrared emission spectrum of the material, and the altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is detected through the infrared transparent portion of the transport system while the altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is sufficiently free of self-absorption by the material of emitted infrared radiation. The detection is effected prior to the temperature differential propagating into the lower or deeper portion of the material to an extent such that the altered thermal infrared emission spectrum is no longer sufficiently free of self-absorption by the material of emitted infrared radiation.

Abstract: Volatile additives for vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber can be accurately identified by controlled heating of a test sample in a sealed vial equipped with an overhead collecting headspace, transferring the heated volatiles to a chromatograph column, and analyzing the separated volatile components emerging from the chromatograph column by various selective analytical detectors.

Abstract: A photoelectric transducer device including a plurality of sensor elements made up of photodiodes and blocking diodes on a substrate, connected into a linear pattern which extends in a primary scanning direction, the sensor elements to be driven in a suitable sequence to read image data from an original document. Each sensor element include a first lower electrode formed on the substrate, a second lower electrode, formed on the substrate and electrically separated from the first electrode, a photodiode formed on the first electrode, a blocking diode formed on the second electrode for preventing crosstalk, and an upper electrode formed on the photodiode and blocking diode for electrically connecting them. Lead wires for connecting the sensor elements to output circuits extend in the primary scanning direction on the first lower electrodes with an insulating film in between, the first lower electrodes being selectively connected to the lead wires through holes provided in the insulating film.