Abstract: After the establishment of the saturation state of a contrast medium which has flowed into a subject for scanning inside a patient given the contrast medium, scan is performed under a high acoustic pressure adapted to break the bubbles of the contrast medium, so as to refresh the section for the scanning, and to acquire the maximum value of echo signal intensities. Subsequently, scans by ultrasounds under a low acoustic pressure or a medium acoustic pressure which does not break the contrast medium are carried out a plurality of times at different timings, thereby to execute a scan sequence for acquiring in-vivo information necessary for a TIC analysis. Data obtained by the scans are analyzed in a blood-flow-index estimation unit, and are displayed in a predetermined scheme.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determination of one or more substances within a material are described. A flow of fluorescence-exciting/ablative energy (e.g., laser pulse(s), preferably in the ultraviolet region (e.g. 193-nm)), is directed onto the material to ablate a thin layer of the material using photochemical decomposition. Simultaneously, the laser energy induces fluorescence of the substance(s) within the ablated layer of the material. The fluorescence emitted by the substance(s) is then received by a device, which measures the spectrum of the received fluorescence. The fluorescence spectra are then transmitted to a spectral processing device adapted to determine, on the basis of the fluorescence spectra, whether the substance(s) of interest is/are present in the material and/or the concentration at which the substance(s) of interest is/are present in the material.

Abstract: The methods comprise detection of gadolinium in human tissues and organs by refining the position of malignant neoplasm and radiation treatment of the neoplasm in order to damage its cells. Refined position of the malignant neoplasm is determined by introducing gadolinium into the patient body and scanning part of the patient body in which the neoplasm is located. The scanning is performed by displacement of zone of radiation concentration created by intersection of several X-ray beams having radiation energy corresponding to K-edge of gadolinium atoms absorption. The refined information is acquired using detectors sensitive to K?-radiation of gadolinium atoms, to which secondary radiation is transported arising in zone of concentration. Scanning is performed of the region of the malignant neoplasm location utilizing the same means as in the first stage. Sources of X-ray radiation are switched with control means into elevated intensity mode, sufficient for radiation damage of the malignant neoplasm tissues.