Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine having reed-type intake valving, and specially configured and positioned intake and injector porting, with the porting constructed and arranged to improve various of the operating characteristics of the engine, and particularly adapted to increase the effectiveness of the injection through the injector porting.

Abstract: An articulated, spring-controlled intake valve, for use in controlling induction flow through an intake port of an induction passage in an internal combustion engine, includes a valve head and a separate valve stem connected together by a hinge member with one end thereof pivotally secured to the valve stem and its opposite end fixed to the valve head with one end of a flexure spring sandwiched therebetween, the opposite end of the flexure spring being secured by a clamp member to an internal wall defining a portion of the induction passage.

Abstract: A port in the cylinder wall of a two-stroke cycle engine is connected by a passage and a restricted orifice with the idle reservoir of a diaphragm type carburetor. The idle reservoir is connected through an adjustable idle mixture valve with the metering chamber. The passage from the engine port is connected by a vent passage with the venturi of the carburetor. The dry side of the metering diaphragm is vented by a restricted opening and is connected with the dry side of a crankcase pressure operated fuel pump through a passageway having therein a check valve and a valve which is open when the choke valve is closed. This connection allows pressure pulses from the crankcase to influence fuel flow so that the desired fuel flow is obtained under more than one engine operating condition. In addition fuel is introduced directly into the crankcase at idle speeds instead of into the throttle bore giving more stable idle condition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a starter mechanism for an engine having a starter gear, which starter mechanism includes a rotatable starter shaft, a starter pinion rotatably mounted on the starter shaft for axial movement, in response to rotation of the starter shaft in one direction, to an engine starting position in driving engagement with the engine starter gear, and a drive member mounted for rotation coaxially with the starter shaft and drivingly connected to the starter shaft. Manual starting of the engine is selectively effected by rotating a circular member or rotor drivingly connected to the drive member through a first one-way clutch which, in response to rotation of the rotor in the one direction, affords common rotary movement of the rotor and the drive member and permits free wheeling of the drive member relative to the rotor in the same direction when the rotor is not operated.

Abstract: An air and fuel mixing device incorporates a Venturi throat or other mixing means for feeding a highly combustible mixture of fuel and pressurized air to an electrical fuel injector valve or directly to the intake manifold in a system for starting an internal combustion engine. The system replaces the choke in a conventional electrical ignition type internal combustion engine. The fuel injector valve is controlled to inject a limited quantity of a highly combustible atomized air-fuel mixture into the engine intake manifold during engine startup. Startup is achieved with minimum fuel waste and produces a minimum of exhaust pollutants. A modified form of the invention is shown as employed in a fuel injection type internal combustion engine system wherein high pressure air-fuel mixture is fed to the fuel injectors solely through use of a conventional low pressure fuel pump and air supply.

Abstract: An injector arrangement is disclosed for injecting a prevaporized fuel-air mixture into the cylinder of an internal combustion piston engine, the injector comprising an auxiliary piston and cylinder arrangement associated with each cylinder of the internal combustion engine and adapted to act as the combustion chamber for the piston and cylinder with which it is associated, as well as to inject a charge of compressed prevaporized fuel into the auxiliary cylinder acting as a combustion chamber. The compressor arrangement includes an auxiliary double acting piston disposed in the auxiliary cylinder, which cylinder is in communication with the main cylinder at its top, the auxiliary double acting piston being reciprocated by a linkage driven by the engine so as to be reciprocated at one-half the cyclical speed of the reciprocation of the main piston and cylinder.

Abstract: A starting arrangement for a pressure-charged internal-combustion engine in which at the beginning of the starting phase combustion air is delivered to the engine by way of a bypass valve and a throttle valve in the charge-air line from the pressure-charging device is closed. Two mutually independent variables are used for controlling the opening of the throttle valve. At the end of the starting phase a command variable typical of the process e.g., charge air pressure is used to initiate an opening of the throttle valve and an engine-dependent operating variable e.g., engine lubricating oil pressure is then used to actually move the throttle valve to its open position, the throttle valve then remaining in the open position so long as the engine-dependent operating variable does not fall below a specified minimum value.

Abstract: Construction of a carburetor used in a stratified charge combustion engine, wherein: flow division control means are dispensed with; and a main and an auxiliary discharge valves are made to have the flow division control functions by themselves, that is, air-fuel ratios of mixtures produced in a main air intake passage and an auxiliary air intake passage, respectively, are adapted to be varied in response to the change of the flow rate of intake air into the associated engine by changing the respective flow rate characteristics of the main and auxiliary discharge valves; thereby eliminating the drawback of decreased accuracy in actual operation of a carburetor used in a stratified charge combustion engine having said flow division control means.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch opening has a first carburetor for supplying a lean mixture to the main combustion chamber and a second carburetor for supplying a rich mixture to the auxiliary combustion chamber. A turbo supercharger is operatively positioned between the first carburetor and the main combustion chamber. When the engine is operating under low load, the lean mixture is bypassed around the supercharger. When the engine is operating under high load, all of the lean mixture passes through the supercharger and a second bypass is opened so that the supercharged lean mixture is delivered to both combustion chambers.

Abstract: A torch ignition type internal combustion engine which has no intake valve in the auxiliary combustion chamber and which can effectively purge exhaust gases from the auxiliary combustion chamber to eliminate ignition failures, the engine comprising a cylinder; a cylinder head having a semi-spherical inner wall; a reciprocating piston snugly received in the cylinder; a main combustion chamber defined between the cylinder head and piston and having intake and exhaust valves to control intake and exhaust ports in the cylinder head; an auxiliary combustion chamber provided at a suitable position in the cylinder head; and a passage intercommunicating the main and auxiliary combustion chambers. The passage opens into the main combustion chamber at a position close to one of the intake valve and the exhaust valve. In one embodiment, the passage opens into the main combustion chamber at a position close to and substantially intermediate the intake and exhaust valves.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine of the compression ignition-fuel injected type, in which the fuel delivery system includes an arrangement for externally vaporizing the fuel before injection, the arrangement comprising a mixing chamber within which is directed a quantity of compressed air or other gas, and into which is atomized a variable proportion of fuel to form a vaporized fuel-gas mixture. A constant volume of the vaporized fuel-gas mixture is injected into the engine cylinders with the ratio of the vaporized fuel-gas mixture injected into the chambers varied to control the power output of the engine, so that the fuel injectors can be of constant volume design.

Abstract: A two-part variable compression ratio cylinder is provided having inner and outer sleeves wherein relative movement between the sleeves varies the volume of the combustion chamber and hence varies the compression ratio of the engine. Hydraulic means responsive to the pressure in the combustion chamber automatically varies the position of the inner and outer sleeves to regulate the combustion chamber volume. The hydraulic controls are located entirely in the cylinder head facilitating the conversion of any internal combustion engine without altering the piston size.

Abstract: A control circuit for a fuel-injected internal combustion engine provides a substitute program for generation of fuel injection control pulses during engine starts at low temperatures. The substitute injection control pulses are made dependent on the ambient or engine temperature in the sense that, the lower the temperature, the greater is the length of the injection pulses, i.e., the larger is the quantity of initially injected fuel. The length of the injection pulses also depends on the elapsed duration of the engine starting attempt in the sense of gradually reducing the injected fuel quantity as the unsuccessful engine cranking proceeds. A fully opened throttle during engine cranking signals a flooded engine condition and completely interrupts fuel injection.

Abstract: The exhaust valve is provided with an air gap which extends axially of a sleeve-like member to which the hot exhaust gases from the combustion chamber passes. The air gap serves to impede heat exchange between the coolant which cools the valve seat surface of the sleeve-like member and the hot gases passing over the inner surface of the sleeve-like member.

Abstract: A two-part variable compression ratio cylinder is provided having inner and outer sleeves wherein relative movement between the sleeves varies the volume of the combustion chamber and hence varies the compression ratio of the engine. Hydraulic means responsive to the pressure in the combustion chamber automatically varies the position of the inner and outer sleeves to regulate the combustion chamber volume. The cylinder is adaptable to engines of any type.

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine has a prechamber or auxiliary chamber associated with each main combustion chamber and connected thereto by a plurality of torch openings. Ignition of a relatively rich mixture in the auxiliary chamber causes flames to be projected through the torch openings to ignite the relatively lean mixture in the main combustion chamber. At least three torch openings are provided in the bottom wall of the auxiliary chamber; one is directed toward the main intake valve in the main combustion chamber, another is directed toward the exhaust valve in the main combustion chamber, and a third directs a flame toward a region of the main combustion chamber remote from both valves. Additional torch openings are employed for larger engines. The relative positions of the torch openings are defined as well as their total cross sectional area compared to the volume of the auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: For improving the efficiency of an Otto cycle engine operating under varying loads, an opposing piston is provided above the driving piston in each cylinder and is controlled in accordance with the inlet manifold depression so as to vary the compression ratio and maintain the compression substantially constant with different working loads.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine having reed-type intake valving, and multiple injector passages and porting constructed and arranged to improve various of the operating characteristics of the engine, and particularly adapted to increase the effectiveness of fuel injection through the injector passages.

Abstract: A cylinder with cross inlet and exhaust ports contains a combination piston and rod having on its piston end a piston head or face and slidably attached sealing sleeve, and its other end is rotatable via a rod bearing attached to a crankshaft. The rotational motion of the rod with the crankshaft imparts an undulating movement to the piston head during its stroke motion and, in unison with the slidably attached sealing sleeve, effects a sequence wherein the exhaust ports open ahead of the inlet and close before the inlet closes.

Abstract: A two-stroke piston engine and method in which oil-free air is mixed prior to ignition with oil-free fuel, by means of a venturi. The engine is lubricated by utilizing the pressure which the piston exerts in the crankcase to draw an air-oil mix into the crankcase and then to push the air and oil out while filtering the air with a rotary filter, to return the oil to a suitable reservoir, the oil-free air being sent to the venturi. Fuel enrichment, as for cold starting, is caused by placing air pressure on a fuel-containing bowl ahead of the venturi so as to increase the flow of fuel into the venturi, rather than by reducing the amount of air as is done with a conventional choke plate.