Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine having reed-type intake valving, and specially configured and positioned intake and injection porting, with the porting constructed and arranged to improve various of the operating characteristics of the engine.

Abstract: The disclosure illustrates an anti-tampering fuel control valve for a fuel system providing fuel at a regulated pressure to a series of unit injectors on a diesel engine. The injectors are cam actuated to inject fuel quantities related to the pressure of the fuel supplied to them. The control valve bypasses fuel from the output of the fuel system to a low pressure region when the pressure exceeds a first given level because of fuel system tampering. Orifices in the bypass flow path cause the fuel pressure to follow a schedule generally similar to the normal system pressure schedule but at lower levels. Bypass flow is continued until the fuel system pressure drops to a lower pressure than the pressure at which bypass flow begins.

Abstract: The valve piston is charged with powdered fuel, such as coal, which is initially metered into a fuel transfer channel during a downward stroke of a dosing and ejecting member and then blown via compressed air through the valve piston into the combustion chamber upon completion of the downward stroke of the dosing and ejecting member. A slider is used to allow metering of the fuel without interference from the compressed air. After the fuel charge is metered, the slider moves transversely of the transfer channel to permit entry of the compressed air so that the charge can be blown into the combustion chamber via the valve piston.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for increasing the effective horsepower of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus consists of a cooling chamber mounted so as to be in communication with the air inlet portion of the carburetor of the engine. In the method of this invention, the ambient air prior to introduction into the carburetor is substantially cooled to quantitatively increase the weight of oxygen in the volume of air introduced into the carburetor. This makes it possible to feed an additional amount of fuel to the engine while maintaining the optimum air-fuel ratio, thereby effectively increasing the horsepower obtainable from the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the type in which the combustion space is divided into a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected to each other by a communication passage, and an ignition plug and a fuel injection nozzle are provided for the auxiliary combustion chamber so that the flame produced by the ignition and combustion of a arch fuel-air mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber spreads into the main combustion chamber to cause effective secondary combustion in the main combustion chamber, and the upper surface of a crown of the piston has a conical configuration of which the apex is located to be brought to a position adjacent to the center of the opening of the communication passage opened to the main combustion chamber when the piston reaches the upper dead point in the compression stroke thereof, and the crown has a bank formed on the peripheral edge of the crown.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine having an improved piston construction which reduces friction and wear between the piston and the cylinder wall, thereby providing cooler operation at any selected speed. The decreased wear increases piston life. The piston skirt, which is substantially parallel to the cylinder wall during normal operation, has a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings formed therethrough. These circumferentially spaced apart openings or holes, which are of a relatively small cross-sectional area compared with the area of the ports, are aligned with vertical continuous portions of the cylinder wall. The openings of the inlet, outlet, and transfer ports are located between the vertical continuous portions or ribs of the cylinder. The piston is disposed within the hollow inner portion of the cylinder for relative reciprocating motion. The openings in the cylinder skirt are aligned to move along the vertical ribs.

Abstract: Icing troubles with carburetors of two-cycle engines can be effectively avoided by the provision of an engine-lubricating-oil nozzle arranged in the carburetor and opening into the intake air passage therein in a position adjacent to the fuel nozzle in opposing relation to the throttling end of the piston type air throttle valve so that oil films are formed on the exposed surfaces of the throttle valve and the needle valve associated therewith to control the rate of fuel discharge into the intake air passage. Any ice possibly formed on the valve surfaces readily exfoliate, not causing any sticking of the throttle and needle valves in the carburetor.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with charge stratification and spark ignition comprises a cylinder head having a main combustion chamber and a cavity defined by surrounding walls of the cylinder head and opening toward the main combustion chamber. An auxiliary combustion chamber is formed within a cup-shaped insert frictionally maintained in the cavity and opening away from the main combustion chamber. The cup-shaped insert is thin-walled and has an opening providing a passage connecting the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber and a pair of openings for receiving a fuel delivery device and an ignition device, respectively.

Abstract: A capacitive discharge ignition system having a charge coil and an ignition coil including primary and secondary windings wound on a common stator structure. The charge coil is coupled to the primary winding of the ignition coil by an SCR and a main capacitor such that the capacitor is first charged by the charge coil and then discharged through the SCR into the primary winding of the ignition coil when the SCR fires. During discharge of the capacitor, the charge coil also supplies current to the primary winding of the ignition coil. A shorted turn is located on one leg of the stator structure and a diode is connected in parallel with the charge coil to reduce the maximum peak potential supplied by the charge coil to reduce the maximum potential rating requirements of the ignition circuit components.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder and a piston with rectangular cross sections. A guideway slot extends across one face of the piston, and engages an off-center pin affixed to the crankshaft for translating linear movement of the piston to rotational movement of the crankshaft. The cylinder may be formed of four side wall plates mounted to define the side walls of the cylinder, and plate means covering the ends of the side wall plates to define a combustion chamber and a crankcase. The crankshaft may be hollow, to define a fuel inlet passageway.

Abstract: The invention is a means and method of injecting fuel into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine wherein the fuel is introduced under pressure to each cylinder through a metallic fuel tube having an integral and preferably multiplyorificed nozzle thereon, the tube and nozzle being charged to a high electrical potential, causing injected fuel to assume a charge and be repelled from the nozzle in small droplets which in turn disperse into smaller droplets due to internal repulsion created by the charge, the result being the rapid and thorough atomization of fuel so that quick and more complete combustion will occur. The applied charge may be reversed at the end of the injection cycle to cause current flow between the droplets and the oppositely charged nozzles to ignite, or further speed combustion of, the mixture.

Abstract: A two-cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine having extended and specially positioned intake porting and reed-type intake valves, with the porting and valves arranged to improve various of the operating characteristics of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas flow control valve; a vacuum actuator for operation of the flow control valve; and a control apparatus which provides an output vacuum to be applied to the vacuum actuator which is an amplification of the venturi vacuum.

Abstract: In an automatic choke valve for an internal combustion engine the extent to which the choke valve is opened is controlled by a bimetal member located in a casing separate from the carburetor through which air is passed whose temperature is determined by the temperature of the engine. In addition, a heater unit is positioned in the casing for supplying heat to the bimetal member and the heater unit is controlled by switches operated by the engine temperature and by the atmospheric pressure around the engine.

Abstract: Auxiliary apparatus for hot-starting an internal combustion engine includes a secondary air injection nozzle opened in the intake manifold, and a heat sensitive solenoid valve to control the supply of secondary air from an air source to the nozzle. When hot-starting the engine with the engine temperature exceeding a predetermined level, the valve opens to supply a jet of air into the intake manifold through the nozzle so that a too rich mixture gas likely to be produced in the manifold is made leaner, thus reducing the output of unburned, harmful ingredients of exhaust gas from the engine as well as improving the startability of a hot engine.

Abstract: Method of breaking up objects, particularly concrete, blocks of rock, machines, and motors, and an installation for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system comprises an exhaust gas flow control valve; a vacuum actuator for operation of the flow control valve; and a control apparatus for the vacuum actuator. The control apparatus comprises a vacuum regulator and a vacuum motor for actuating the vacuum regulator in response not only to the venturi vacuum but also to the intake manifold vacuum.

Abstract: A pair of breaker contacts are opened and closed by the pivotal movement of a breaker lever carrying one of the breaker contacts for engagement with the other breaker contact which is stationary. The breaker lever is pivotally supported on an upright pivot post which is formed integrally with a cupshaped container constructed from an inexpensive plastic material, and the end of the pivot post is received in a reinforced opening of a cover member secured to the cup-shaped container so as to prevent the pivot post from being undesirably deflected during the pivotal movement of the breaker lever.

Abstract: A fuel control system for use in an internal combustion engine wherein the combustion device thereof comprises a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber provided therein with an ignition plug, the main and auxiliary combustion chambers communicating with each other through a through-hole. A rich mixture of gasified fuel and air is supplied to the auxiliary combustion chamber and a lean mixture of gasified fuel and air is supplied into the main combustion chamber and the mixture in the main combustion chamber is ignited by the flames produced in the auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A flyweight assembly and a manual speed control member are connected through a linkage to a control rod which controls the fuel injection volume of the pump so that the control rod position is determined by both the flyweight assembly and the control member. Idling and main counterforce springs resist movement of the flyweight assembly in their respective engine speed ranges. The control member is arranged to bring a spring mechanism into engagement with the idling counterforce spring when moved beyond a certain point to demand higher engine speed. The spring mechanism acts against the idling counterforce spring to move the control rod to reduce the fuel injection volume when the speed control member is moved from its idling speed position to demand rapid acceleration while the idling counterforce spring remains engaged with the flyweight assembly to prevent excessive fuel injection volume.