Abstract: In the case where a heater main body (1) is bent so as to be wound around a subject to be heated such as a water pipe, etc., a heater can stably heats the subject to be heated. A plurality of heating elements (2), which are composed of ceramics as positive-characteristic thermistors and have electrodes on both sides of the heating elements, are sealed along a lengthwise direction of the heater main body (1) with flexibility and electrical insulation at intervals. Pairs of feeders (3) for feeding electricity to the heating elements (2) are provided to the heater main body (1). A holder (5) having electrical conductivity is provided into the heater main body (1) so as to connect the heating elements (2) to the feeders (3) and retain them. The holder (5) reduces faulty electrical connection between the feeders (3) and the heating elements (2), and thus the heat generation by the heating elements (2) can be stabilized.

Abstract: Electrode elements directly heat water and with an electric current controller that is controlled by the heated water volume, which structurally enables immediate production of high temperature steam. The innovations of the invention here include: the utilization of an electric current controller than can be set at a certain value so that an electromagnetic water input valve is switched on or off at an appropriate time, which permits the maintaining of a fixed volume of water inside the water container and as such, the water inside the water container is not only prevented from overflowing, but at the same time forms an electric field with the electrode elements and is subsequently directly heated and thereby enables the production of high temperature steam in an extremely short period of time.

Abstract: A low-loss, high-energy efficiency and low-cost heatable godet has a plurality of short wavelength infrared radiation heaters closely juxtaposed with the inner wall of the hollow drum of a godet onto which a synthetic yarn can be fed. The heaters can be angularly equispaced within the interior of the drum, closely juxtaposed therewith and of different lengths to heat different axial zones of the drum differently. The heaters can be coated with a reflective material on their sides turned away from the drum to avoid scattering losses and to direct energy to the drum.

Abstract: A multiple-layer, high transmittance, low emissivity coated article is disclosed comprising at least two infrared reflective metal layers alternatingly combined with at least three metal oxide antireflective layers to produce a coating with superior low emissivity and low visible reflectance, especially for use to reduce heat load in automobiles, wherein the coating furthermore is electroconductive for use in an electrically heatable transparency.

Abstract: A rapid thermal processing (RTP) chamber is disclosed, wherein a transparent plate and a body are sealed with a gas tight seal, and wherein the gas tight seal is activated by inflating an inflatable element.