Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a rail, with which the sweep in the height direction of a rail before straightening can be suppressed when producing standard rails specified in JIS E 1101. The method includes subjecting a bloom having a chemical composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.60% or more and 0.85% or less, Si: 0.10% or more and 1.00% or less, and Mn: 0.10% or more and 1.30% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, to hot rolling to obtain a rail, subjecting the rail to accelerated cooling under conditions where a cooling start temperature T1 of rail head is 750° C. or higher and 850° C. or lower, a cooling stop temperature T2 of rail head is higher than 700° C., and T1?T2 is 20° C. or more, and then allowing the rail to be naturally cooled.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for recycling chromium oxide and producing chromium-alloy steel. Chromium oxide is reduced to metallic chromium and metallic chromium is mixed with steel to form chromium-alloy steel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing iron in a metallurgical vessel, the vessel including a bath of molten iron with on top of the bath of molten iron a layer of slag, wherein a metalliferrous feed, carbon containing material, fluxing material, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the vessel to convert the metalliferrous feed into molten iron that is collected in the bath of molten iron and continuously or semi-continuously tapped from the vessel through an iron—outlet of the vessel, and wherein the composition of the fluxing material is selected to acquire a predetermined slag chemistry, which slag is regularly tapped out of the vessel through a slag—outlet, and the fluxing material includes slag derived from a steelmaking process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of making low carbon steel. The method includes tapping the liquid steel out of a primary steelmaking furnace. Deoxidizing the liquid steel. Transferring the deoxidized liquid steel to a ladle metallurgy furnace. Removing sulfur at the ladle metallurgy furnace. Adding fluxes and arcing the liquid steel to prevent sulfur reversion. Transferring the liquid steel from the ladle metallurgy furnace to an RH degasser for carbon removal. The removal of oxygen and sulfur prior to transferring the liquid steel to the RH degasser facilitates nitrogen removal and prevents carbon pick up during the step sulfur removal.

Abstract: An alternative approach to producing iron from iron concentrates produced from low grade iron ore without going through pelletization and induration. Such a method may include providing iron ore concentrate in a small particle form, passing the iron ore concentrate through a moving bed conveyor reduction furnace with at least one of hydrogen or natural gas, wherein the concentrate is present in a layer that is no more than about 5 cm thick, the hydrogen gas or natural gas reducing the concentrate so as to remove oxygen therefrom, converting the iron ore concentrate to iron that has a composition similar to direct reduced iron (DRI) or sponge iron product, having about 90-95% iron, up to about 10% oxygen, with other trace impurities. Energy consumption is reduced by 30-50% and CO2 emissions are reduced by 60-95%, depending on whether natural gas or hydrogen is used.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for co-extraction of vanadium, titanium and chromium from vanadium slag. The method selectively reduces pyroxene and fayalite wrapped on spinel through low-temperature hydrogen reduction, iron removal by ferric chloride, and low-temperature leaching of the vanadium slag by oxalic acid, thereby destroying a structure of the spinel, dissociating a spinel phase and a silicate phase, and fully exposing the spinel phase. The method also directly leaches the vanadium slag at a low temperature by acidity and strong complexation of the oxalic acid, and destroys the structure of the spinel, such that vanadium, titanium, chromium and oxalate are complexed into a solution to co-extract vanadium, titanium and chromium. The present disclosure extracts vanadium, titanium and chromium from the vanadium slag, with a leaching rate each being greater than 99%.

Abstract: A control process of inclusions in ultra-clean rare earth steel, wherein the content of rare earth elements REM in the ultra-clean rare earth steel, the total oxygen content T[O]m, the total sulfur content T[S]m in the steel, and the total oxygen content T[O]r in a rare earth metal or alloy added to the steel are controlled to satisfy the following formula: ?500<REM?(m*T[O]m+n*T[O]r+k*T[S]m)<?30, where REM is the content of rare earth elements in the steel, in ppm; T[O]m is the total oxygen content in the steel, in ppm; T[O]r is the total oxygen content in a rare earth metal or alloy added to the steel, in ppm; T[S]m is the total sulfur content in the steel, in ppm; m is a first correction coefficient, with a value of 2-4.5;n is a second correction coefficient; and k is a third correction coefficient.

Abstract: The inventions described herein provide methods and systems for recycling lithium iron phosphate batteries, including: adding an oxidizing agent to a recycling stream of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries to form a leach solution; filtering the leach solution to remove a residue and obtain a lithium rich solution; modifying pH of the lithium rich solution for filtering impurities and obtaining a purified Li solution; and adding a precipitant to the purified Li solution thereby precipitating a lithium compound.

Abstract: A pyro-metallurgical process for producing a non-ferrous metal or a compound thereof, wherein a metal raw material is fed into a rotary kiln, the metal being one of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), or zinc (Zn). The raw material is heated to produce a volatized material, in which the non-ferrous metal or compound thereof is produced from the volatized material. A magnesium-based additive is additionally fed to the rotary kiln in an amount of between 0.5 wt. % and 9.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the raw material. The magnesium-based additive is heated together with the raw material to produce the volatized material and a solid product while also counteracting ring formation in the rotary kiln.

Abstract: By using a forming die having a fixed die and a movable die moving along a parting surface on the fixed die and by moving the movable die along the parting surface, to press and hold a sintered part between the movable die and the fixed die, to form a cavity around the sintered part except parts which abut on the fixed die and the movable die by the forming die, and to fill the cavity with melted material which becomes an exterior part, so that the sintered part and the exterior part are integrated by insert molding.

Abstract: An aluminium based alloy, and a method for production of components by additive manufacturing (AM) or other rapid solidification process with the alloy, is based on the alloy having a composition with from 2.01 wt % to 15.0 wt % manganese, from 0.3 wt % to 2.0 wt % scandium, with a balance apart from minor alloy elements and incidental impurities of aluminium.

Abstract: A method for producing an ultra-high-strength hot-rolled structural steel includes producing a steel alloy with a carbon content not greater than 0.2%, avoiding a diffusive transformation of the austenite by achieving a transformation delay through the addition of manganese, chromium, and boron, and casting the steel alloy. The cast steel alloy is heated and hot rolled to form a steel strip which is then immediately hardened and mechanically straightened to produce mobile dislocations, wherein the boron, manganese and chromium delay diffusive transformation from an austenite structure to achieve formation of a martensite structure during the hardening. The steel strip is then annealed at a temperature between 100 and 200° C.

Abstract: Foundry coke products, and associated methods and systems for melting iron in a cupola furnace with the coke products are disclosed herein. A representative method can include receiving a population of coke products and iron in a cupola furnace, and melting the iron in the cupola furnace to form molten iron having a carbon content higher than a carbon content of the received iron. The coke products can comprise (i) an elongate shape including a length:width dimension of at least 1.5:1, (ii) an ash fusion temperature of no more than 2400° F., and/or (iii) a coke reactivity index (CRI) of at least 30%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a casting method and cast product of spherical graphite cast iron, in which, even with a small modulus, there is no chill, the spherical graphite in the tissue is further made ultrafine, the dispersion of the particle diameter is small, and the number of the particles is several times that of the conventional one in the as cast state where heat treatment is not carried out. A casting method of a spherical graphite cast iron includes a melting process, a spheroidizing treatment process, an inoculation process, and a casting process, in which the original molten metal after the inoculation process is poured and filled up to a product space through a gate of a metal mold; where the original molten metal is controlled to a semi-solidification temperature range, before being filled up to the product space.

Abstract: Disclosed is an incomplete extraction method for recycling batteries, which may include: introducing a pretreatment gas into a device loaded with a waste battery powder, and bringing a gas outlet into communication with absorption liquid A and absorption liquid B in order; raising the temperature and introducing the pretreatment gas; reducing the temperature and introducing a reaction gas; raising the temperature, introducing the reaction gas, and then introducing the pretreatment gas; and reducing the temperature, and turning off the pretreatment gas; adding an extractant to absorption liquid A, mixing the mixture, taking organic phase A, adding a stripping agent, and taking aqueous phase A; and adjusting the pH to acidity, then adding an extractant, taking organic phase B, adding a stripping agent to obtain a stock solution enriched in Li, Mn, Ni and Co.

Abstract: A method for extracting rare earth elements and critical minerals including adding an acid to a mixture comprising organically bound rare earth elements. The mixture is maintained at a pH of 0.25 to 4 for a period of time, resulting in a liquor and a leached mixture. The liquor is removed from the leached mixture to form a dewatered cake. The dewatered cake is washed to form a washing liquid. The washing liquid is recycled to create a second slurry comprising organically bound rare earth elements.

Abstract: In various embodiments, metallic alloy powders are utilized as feedstock, or to fabricate feedstock, utilized in additive manufacturing processes to form three-dimensional metallic parts. Such feedstock includes composite particles each comprising a mixture and/or alloy of a first constituent metal and one or more second constituent metals, where each of the particles comprises a plurality of grains each surrounded by a matrix, the grains comprising the first constituent metal, and the matrix comprising the one or more second constituent metals.

Abstract: There is provided a soft magnetic alloy comprising a composition expressed by a formula of (Fe(1-?)A?)(1-m-x-y)MmXxYy, in which M represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr and Hf, X represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn, Cu, Co, Al, and Ge, Y represents at least one selected from the group consisting of B, P, and Si, A represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zn, Mg, Sn, Bi, O, N, S, and a rare earth element, m, x, y, and ? satisfy relationships of 0.070?m?0.120, 0.001?x?0.030, 0?y?0.010, and 0???0.100, and the alloy contains Fe-based nanocrystals having an average crystal grain size of 30 nm or less.

Abstract: This application pertains to methods of recovering metals from metal sulfides that involve contacting the metal sulfide with an acidic sulfate solution containing ferric sulfate and a reagent that has a thiocarbonyl functional group, wherein the concentration of reagent in the acidic sulfate solution is sufficient to increase the rate of metal ion extraction relative to an acidic sulfate solution that does not contain the reagent, to produce a pregnant solution containing the metal ions.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts that have a substrate including a cementing constituent constituting less than 13 weight percent (wt %) of the substrate, the cementing constituent including a cobalt alloy having and at least one alloying element, wherein the at least one alloying element constitutes less than 12 wt % of the substrate and wherein the cobalt constitutes less than 12 wt % of the substrate; and methods of making the same.