Abstract: A relaying method of an optical signal of a hybrid relaying apparatus in a gigabit passive optical element includes: selecting and receiving any one of a first serial electrical signal corresponding to a downlink wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical line terminal (WDM-PON OLT) optical signal and a second serial electrical signal corresponding to a downlink gigabit passive optical network optical line terminal (GPON OLT) optical signal; modulating the downlink serial electrical signal to a downlink GPON transmission convergence (GTC) frame; extracting control information for uplink transmission from the downlink GTC frame; converting the downlink GTC frame into the downlink serial electrical signal; and converting the converted serial electrical signal into an optical signal and transmitting the converted optical signal in a GPON OLT optical transceiver.

Abstract: An optical communication system is disclosed. The optical communication system includes a reflection hub connected to a plurality of communication modules. The communication modules communicate optical signals to one another via two way light channels, such that an optical signal is scattered off a diffuse surface at a distal end of the reflection hub and into the two way light channel of each communication module.

Abstract: In accordance with various aspects of the disclosure, a method and apparatus is disclosed for increasing waveform bandwidth of an optical frequency waveform during optical double sideband suppressed carrier modulation. An optical modulator is configured to operate in double sideband, suppressed carrier modulation (DSB-SC) mode producing multiple optical sidebands and optical sideband harmonics. Proper selection of the appropriate optical harmonic via optical filter enables the synthesis of ultra-wideband single-sideband, suppressed carrier (SSB-SC) optical waveforms while simultaneously simplifying the radio frequency (RF) circuitry that generates the modulating radio frequency waveform.

Abstract: A system for mitigating the effects of polarization hole burning in an optical communication system. The system includes an optical input signal comprising one or more traffic channels, a measurement module configured to check for the existence of ghost channels around the traffic channels, and a ghost channel generation module configured to generate a ghost channel around the traffic channels from amplified spontaneous emission noise of the optical input signal.

Abstract: A wavelength is selected for use in transmitting optical data along a path in an optical network. Wavelengths that are available for use end-to-end along the path are found, the wavelengths that are available on each link attached to each node on the path are found and a wavelength that is available end-to-end and that is more available on the links attached to the nodes is selected.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an optical receiver configured to receive an optical signal, and a combined level and clock recovery circuit coupled to the optical receiver and configured to update a signal threshold and a clock phase substantially simultaneously. Also included is an apparatus comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising recognizing reception of a signal, and adjusting a threshold and a clock phase associated with the signal using a rising time for the signal and a falling time for the signal. Also included is a method comprising receiving a signal, and adjusting a threshold level of the signal to establish level recovery using a clock recovery scheme.

Abstract: A Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) includes a plurality of broadband light sources, each broadband light source being connected to receive a respective data signal and generating a corresponding modulated broadband optical signal. An Array Waveguide Grating (AWG) is connected for receiving each modulated broadband optical signal through a respective branch port and for generating a filtered broadband signal. The AWG implements a filter function comprising a respective pass-band associated with each branch port such that the filtered broadband signal exhibits a respective intensity peak associated with each pass-band. Each intensity peak is modulated with data from a respective one of the broadband light sources. A bandwidth of the respective modulated broadband optical signal generated by each broadband light source is at least equal to the width of a channel-band of the AWG.

Abstract: A system for delivering optical power over an optical conduit includes at least one than one optical power source delivering multiple optical power forms at least partially over a free space.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting Passive Optical Network (PON) failures, and a PON system are provided to obtain the monitoring information of a peer device before a PON system failure occurs. The method includes: obtaining monitoring information of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and an Optical Network Unit (ONU); and determining a failure of a passive ONU according to the obtained monitoring information of the OLT and the ONU. The monitoring information of the peer device is obtained before a PON system failure occurs. Thus the failure is discovered in time, quick troubleshooting is ensured, and the costs of system maintenance are reduced.

Abstract: A path is established through an optical communications network. One or more partial paths are evaluated according to a first criterion, and candidate end-to-end paths are then evaluated according to a second criterion. The end-to-end path evaluation disregards candidate end-to-end paths that include partial paths not meeting the first criterion. A path is established by selecting one of the candidate end-to-end paths on the basis of the second criterion.

Abstract: An integrated cable configured to communicate over much of its length using one or more optical fibers includes an electrical connector at least one end. The electrical connector at a first end of the integrated cable and an optoelectronic device coupled to or included in the other end of the integrated cable may utilize a bidirectional status link to transmit status data to each other. If the status data indicates that optical signals transmitted over the optical channels between the two devices are not potentially exposed to view, the two devices may operate above nominal eye safety limits. Otherwise, the two devices may operate at or below nominal eye safety limits. If the second optoelectronic device is not status-link enabled, the first optoelectronic device may operate at or below nominal eye safety limits.

Abstract: The optical transmitter includes a light source; a signal processor; an optical modulator that modulates output light from the light source in accordance with a transmitting signal subjected to digital signal processing in the signal processor and outputs the modulated light as a light signal to a transmission path; and a control circuit that controls a carrier-wave frequency of the light signal output from the optical modulator, the signal processor including a mapping circuit that maps the transmitting signal to electric-field information according to a modulating scheme, and a phase rotating circuit that provides a phase rotation having a constant cycle to an electric-field phase of the electric-field information to which the mapping circuit maps the transmitting signal, the control circuit controlling the cycle of the phase rotation that the phase rotating circuit provides and thereby controlling the carrier-wave frequency of the light signal output from the optical modulator.

Abstract: In a passive optical network, power consumption of the ONU can be reduced by communicating a transmission schedule from the OLT to the ONU that indicates time slots in which the ONU is scheduled to receive payload transmissions from the OLT. Components of the ONU that would normally operate continuously, including processing payloads addressed to other ONUs, are placed in a reduced power state outside of the ONU's allocated time slots.

Abstract: A method of closed loop control for an optical link is presented, utilizing a copper feedback connection between the optical transmitter and optical receiver, suitable for short distance applications. An architecture is provides that may be used to define and maintain an optimum optical launch power for a defined bit error rate, guaranteeing extinction ratio and absolute optimum operating power. The invention also includes the use of such a loop in achieving fast link initialization and dynamic optimization to compensate for all effects of time and temperature for all components within the link.

Abstract: In optical communication systems, an optical signal which is modulated with a data signal is transmitted from an optical transmitter, and is launched into a fiber-optic transmission link. The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for the measurement of the distribution of the reflectivity along an optical transmission line implemented by using the signal processing based on the cross-correlation function between the data signal with which the optical transmitter is modulated and the back-reflected signal returned to the optical transmitter to provide the in-service monitoring of the fiber-optic transmission link.

Abstract: A pre-equalized optical transmitter includes, a laser source; a duo-binary pre-coder circuit; a pre-equalization circuit for applying an inverse function of chromatic dispersion; at least two D/A converters; and an optical field modulator comprising at least two input terminals for an electric signal. The pre-equalized optical transmitter: converts, by the duo-binary pre-coder circuit, a digital information signal of a predetermined symbol time to be transmitted into a digital complex signal including one sampling point per symbol; equalizes, by the pre-equalization circuit, degradation in transmission of the digital complex signal; converts, by the D/A converters, the equalized digital complex signal into an analog signal; suppresses an analog signal leaking outside a Nyquist bandwidth by at least 23 dB; modulates, by the optical field modulator, light output from the laser source with the analog signal to generate a modulated optical field signal; and transmits the modulated optical field signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for visual light communication are provided. The system can include a gateway arranged to convert radio frequency communications into visual light communication signals and an active light relay arranged to exchange visual light communication signals with the gateway. The system also includes a passive light relay arranged to exchange visual light communication signals with the active light relay and a communication device arranged to exchange visual light communication signals with one of the active light relay of the passive light relay.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to an optical transceiver module having a diagnostic communications link, wherein the link is configured to access diagnostic and other data contained within the transceiver controller via a backdoor interface. Controller data, including operational parameter values and module setup values, is accessible while the transceiver operates in conjunction with an external host and may be retrieved, and sometimes modified, in real time without interrupting normal transceiver operation or suspending the transmission of data over optical fibers. The data is accessed with an external user device via a backdoor interface on the outside of the transceiver module.

Abstract: An eye mask is provided that is defined at least partially in terms of absolute, or non-relative, optical power level values. In essence, the eye mask of the invention is a hybrid of the traditional eye mask in that the eye mask of the invention includes power level values on the optical power axis that are based on the minimum OMA set forth in the applicable standard or data sheet specification rather than on measured power level values obtained from the part being tested. Using the hybrid eye mask of the invention obviates the need to perform at least some of the tests often used to measure transmitter attributes. In addition, using the hybrid eye mask of the invention reduces the possibility that a transmitter may fail the eye mask test even though the transmitter operates satisfactorily.

Abstract: It is presented a method for transmitting lighting device data. The method comprises the steps of obtaining, in a lighting device, a subset of lighting device data, the lighting device data containing information of the lighting device, transmitting, from the lighting device, using light, the subset of lighting device data, and repeating the above steps until all subsets jointly corresponding to the complete lighting device data have been transmitted. A corresponding lighting device and lighting system are also presented.