Abstract: A gas analyzer for continuously determining the concentration of a gas in a gas mixture, having a measuring cell, a radiation source, a detector and signal processing facilities, characterized in that the radiation source is slidingly arranged in the measuring cell.

Abstract: A radiation imaging system comprising a capacitive coupling radiation detector for directly converting incidence radiation to electrical charges, a storage capacitor for storing the generated charges, a read-out switch for periodically outputting the charges stored on the storage capacitor, and a reset switch for periodically re-setting the radiation detector.

Abstract: A scintillation detector (10) includes a scintillation crystal (14) and a shock absorbing member (76) circumscribing the crystal (14). A sleeve (98) circumscribes the shock absorbing member (76) which, in turn, is circumscribed by a housing (12). The sleeve (98) provides for substantial controlled radial loading on the crystal (14). A method of manufacturing the detector (10) includes placing the crystal (14) and shock absorbing member (76) into the sleeve (98), compressing the sleeve 98 and inserting the compressed sleeve (98) into the housing (12) such that the sleeve (98) substantially maintains its compression. The radial stiffness causes vibration induced counts to occur at an excitation frequency which is above the operational bandwidth of the radiation measurements, thereby excluding vibration induced counts for radiation measurements.

Abstract: Output variations of individual channels of radiation detector arrays and particularly the outer channels of the scintillator crystal array are reduced by modifying the reflectivity of the surfaces of the individual crystal elements according to the output. This is accomplished by creating a specific difference in the reflectivity of the internal channel reflectors compared to the external reflector material to enhance or reduce the output of specific channels to achieve a balance in the outputs. The specific difference in reflectivity may be obtained by using different color pigments, different color cements and various colored foils, for example.

Abstract: A high resolution gamma ray imaging device includes an aluminum housing, a lead screen collimator at an opened end of the housing, a crystal scintillator array mounted behind the lead screen collimator, a foam layer between the lead screen collimator and the crystal scintillator array, a photomultiplier window coupled to the crystal with optical coupling grease, a photomultiplier having a dynode chain body and a base voltage divider with anodes, anode wire amplifiers each connected to four anodes and a multi pin connector having pin connections to each anode wire amplifier. In one embodiment the crystal scintillator array includes a yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) crystal array. In an alternate embodiment, the crystal scintillator array includes a gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO) crystal array.

Abstract: A scintillation camera including a radiation detector for emitting light in response to radiation absorbed from a source; a first set of photosensors disposed at a first distance from the radiation detector means for producing an output in response to emitted light; and a second set of photosensors located proximate at least one edge of the radiation detector and disposed at a second distance greater than the first distance for increasing the field of view of the camera.

Abstract: A borehole tool analyzes the composition of gases flowing from a formation. The tool includes an optical fluid analyzer (OFA) and a gas analysis module (GAM). The OFA determines when fluid flowing into the tool has become substantially only gas. The gas is then diverted to the GAM, thereby avoiding the possibility of oil depositing itself on a optical window and interfering with a proper analysis. The GAM includes a near infrared ray light source, at least one photo-detector, a gas sample cell (or cells) having portions with different path lengths, each portion having an optical window, and fiber optics which direct light in first paths from the source to the sample cell, and from the sample cell to the photo-detectors. By providing cells with different path lengths, issues of dynamic range are obviated.

Abstract: A continuous sample detector has a cell assembly with a spaced pair of sample cells. Each of these cells is mounted in a sample chamber and each is adapted to conduct a continuous sample flow. These sample cells are connected through a plurality of sample lines. The continuous sample detector also includes a sensor that is mounted and arranged proximate the cell assembly. Relative motion between the sensor and the cell assembly will enable the sensor to alternately detect radiation predominantly from a selected one of the cells. The sensor and the cells are positioned within the common housing to detect radiation with the sensor from predominantly a first one of the sample cells. The sample flow may at that time pass through the first one of the sample cells. The relative position of the sensor and the sample cells may then be changed within the common housing to detect radiation with the sensor from predominantly a second one of the sample cells.

Abstract: A plurality of photoelectric conversion sections correspond respectively to a plurality of pixels arranged on a detection surface for converting incident X rays into charge. A plurality of charge storage sections store the charge converted by the plurality of photoelectric conversion sections, respectively. A plurality of transfer TFTs read out the charge stored in the plurality of charge storage sections, respectively. A plurality of protective TFTs have an end thereof connected to the each input terminal of the plurality of transfer TFTs and sweep out from the other end thereof the charge stored in the charge storage sections when the voltage applied thereto exceeds a predetermined voltage level lower than the breakdown voltage of the transfer TFTs.

Abstract: A radiation resistant meter for use in intense ionising radiation fields ludes a meter unit (10) coupled to a separate processing and indicating unit (50) by means of a radio link (24,35). Radiation sensitive components in the voltage amplifier (14) and low frequency oscillator (16) are replaced by valves. Certain radiation sensitive components are covered in a potting compound. A calibration system formed from five zener voltage references (28) is located close to the sensor (12) and coupled to the same circuitry by a multiplexer (30), as is a thermistor (24) the signals from the components (12,26,28) are fed to the amplifier (14) in cyclical manner and processed by a computer (40) in the receiving unit (50). From the calibration voltages (28), the computer determines a calibration curve used for determining the magnitude of the parameter sensed by the sensor (12). The meter can operate at and measure radiation levels far higher than previously known equipment.

Abstract: A gamma ray imaging system for providing high resolution images includes a collimator plate with an array of multiple holes which image a gamma emitting object onto a semiconductor gamma detector pixel array coupled to a signal processor. The collimator holes are smaller than half the pixel pitch. The detector array is moved in steps, with a step-size equal to the pitch of the collimator holes, to successive imaging positions. The hole locations and imaging positions are such that gamma photons do not fall on the dead areas of the pixels. An electronic processing unit constructs from the pixel signals produced at each imaging position, a set of independent equations and solves them to derive the exact image signal of each irradiated area, and uses this data to compose and a display a high resolution gamma image of the object.

Abstract: A method for preparing X-ray image capture panels suitable for use in digital, radiography is disclosed. Array modules with sharp, steep edges suitable for tiling to form X-ray image capture panels are prepared placing an array module against an edge piece, and vacuum depositing a radiation detecting material on the top surface of the array module and the edge piece while simultaneously moving at least one of them relative to the other in the horizontal and/or the vertical direction.

Abstract: Light of a specific wavelength is introduced into respective optical fiber members forming a light projecting optical fiber member group (14a) through a condensing lens (26). A second end of an optical fiber light guide path (10) whose first end is brought into close contact with a target (20) is branched into three optical fiber member groups including a light projecting optical fiber member group (14a) and first and second photoreceiving optical fiber member groups (16a, 18a), and each of the optical fiber member groups (14a, 16a, 18a) is formed by bundling optical fiber members forming respective unit bundles respectively.

Abstract: Apparatus for IR and Raman analysis of a sample includes an optical train having a common path segment that includes the sample, and a mechanism for selectively or simultaneously) subjecting the sample to analytic radiation (such as IR) or Raman excitation radiation, and selectively (or simultaneously) detecting the analytic radiation from the sample or the Raman scattered light from the sample.

Abstract: A detection method is integrated with a filtering method and an enhancement method to create a fluorescence sensor (10) that can be miniaturized. The fluorescence sensor (10) comprises a thin film geometry including a waveguide layer (16), a metal film layer (20) and sensor layer (32). The thin film geometry of the fluorescence sensor allows the detection of fluorescent radiation over a narrow wavelength interval. This enables wavelength discrimination and eliminates the detection of unwanted light from unknown or spurious sources.

Abstract: A method for improving single photo emission computed tomography accuracy by determining photon impact locations within a detector field using PMT intensity signals from all PMTs in an array. The method includes determining the row and column of a PMT which is closest to an impacting photon, subtracting the sum of intensity signals to the left of the identified column from the sum of intensity signals to the right of the identified column generating a differentiated width signal, subtracting the sum of intensity signals above the identified row from the sum of intensity signals below the identified row to provide a differentiated length signal and correlating the differentiated width and length signals with length and width field curves to identify the impact location.

Abstract: A method of correcting coincidence data for random coincidences in a nuclear medicine imaging system is provided. The system includes a pair of detectors that are rotatable about an axis, with an object to be imaged disposed about the axis. During an imaging session, the detectors detect coincidence radiation emitted from the object at a plurality of angular stops relative to the axis. While rotating the detectors between stops, the detectors are reconfigured for single-photon data acquisition and are used to detect radiation in singles mode. The detected singles are rebinned into a plurality of randoms sinograms, which are used to correct the coincidence data.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a focal plane array and the array having a integral slot shield which comprises fabricating a focal plane array having a plurality of detector elements. A layer of electrically insulating material having a planar top surface is then formed over the array. A reflective layer is then formed over the layer of electrically insulating material and the electrically insulating layer and reflective layer are etched only in the regions thereof over the detector elements to form slots over the detector elements. An absorbing layer is formed over the reflective layer. The absorbing layer is preferably an infrared-transparent dielectric having an optical thickness of about one quarter wavelength of the light frequency of interest with a metallic flash layer thereover having a thickness of from about 50 to about 60 Angstroms. The infrared dielectric is preferably one of zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, polyethylene and paraxylilene.

Abstract: A radiation detector element which comprises a scintillator laminate for converting X-ray energy incident on said radiation detector to visible light, the scintillator laminate comprising a ceramic scintillator layer and a single crystal scintillator layer and a photodetector for converting the visible light from the scintillator laminate to electrical signals. The single crystal scintillator is interposed in the path of the light scintillations from the ceramic scintillator to the photodetector.

Abstract: A counting enclosure (24) for neutron detection has an outer wall and an inner space for receiving an object (26) to be tested, the wall being constituted by a first, inner cadmium coating (32), an inner moderator coating (38), an intermediate cadmium coating (34), an outer moderator coating (40) and an outer cadmium coating (36).