Abstract: There is provided a photoelectric switch comprising a light projecting segment including a pulse oscillator and a light-emitting element adapted to give a pulse light emission in response to an output pulse of the pulse oscillator, a light reception segment including a light reception element adapted to yield a light reception signal on incidence of light, a gate circuit adapted to gate the light reception signal according to the output pulse of the pulse oscillator and an integration circuit for integrating outputs of the gate circuit, and a control circuit for varying the pulse frequency by controlling the pulse oscillator on generation of a light reception signal from the light reception element.

Abstract: A wide angle light intensity pickoff system, having a very fine signal reution of less than a degree, provides a linear range of about .+-.35 degrees with a total range of .+-.90 degrees. The pickoff system can be used with any angular measurement system. In a gyro system all of the active circuit components, an offset optical source and a detector, are mounted on the unstabilized housing structure. Only a fiber optic bundle is required on the stabilized gimbal for coupling optical signals to the detector. There is no mechanical contact between the stabilized gimbal and the unstabilized housing structure. This prevents gimbal/housing coupling torques while providing a wide angle pickoff capability.

Abstract: A window generation circuit is provided for gating image signals from an electronically scanned sensor array in a line tracing machine. The window generation circuit includes two shift registers of variable length for measuring intervals of time for setting first and second bounds to a sector scan. The interval of the second register corresponds to the width of the window. Logic circuitry, responsive to the detection of image data, alters the electrical lengths of the registers to enlarge the window in the absence of an image, and restores the original lengths upon return of the image.

Abstract: A space-discharge electronic device is described, particularly useful as a flash X-ray tube, which device includes a cathode of planar shape and formed with a circular opening therethrough, and a target anode of conical shape and having a pointed tip at the end facing the cathode, the longitudinal axis of the target anode being normal to the plane of the cathode. The pointed tip of the target anode is located in the plane of the planar cathode at the center of its circular opening. When used as a flash X-ray tube, the target anode is made of a material which emits X-rays when impinged by the electrons from the cathode.

Abstract: An instrument for quantitative analysis using a matrix of radiation emitting diodes has means for assuring that a sample receives substantially uniform radiation from each diode. In the preferred embodiment a lens is used to direct the radiation beams to a focal plane where there is a matte surface diffuser backed with an aperture to provide relatively uniform radiant energy field through the aperture to a sample chamber. With this arrangement the same energy distribution contacts the test samples from each of the radiation sources.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the build-up of ice on engine and plant parts encompasses a monitoring surface area and a reference surface area located on a part of such engine. There is provided a first means which heats the reference surface area to a temperature above the freezing point. A second means illuminates the reference surface area as well as the monitoring surface area. The light reflected from both these areas is led to a light receiver which emits signals which are applied to a fourth means. This fourth means determines the difference between the output signals of the light receiver and generates accordingly a control signal. This apparatus allows a safe detection of ice build-up independent from a soiling of the monitoring and/or reference surface areas.

Abstract: Apparatus for installing a set of dissimilar piston rings (12,14,20,38) which must be arranged in proper predetermined order and orientation in an internal combustion engine piston. The apparatus includes a ring supporting element 48 for retaining the set of piston rings in the order in which they will be installed, order sensing means (115,136,138) for producing an electrical disabling signal if a corresponding ring is not in a predetermined sequential order and a plurality of orientation sensing means (140,142) for producing an electrical disabling signal if a corresponding piston ring is not in its proper orientation. Expanding means (60) responsive to a control means (174) operates to expand the set of rings to allow coaxial insertion of a piston and subsequently to relax the rings into corresponding grooves of the piston as long as a disabling signal has not been generated by the corresponding sensing means (115,136,138,140,142).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring current which traverses a light-emitting structure, the current passage thus causing emission of light. It is characterized in that the emitted light signal is adapted to be supplied to two photo-detectors having different sensitivity spectra and/or with at least one photo-detector being provided with an optical filter. The output signals of the photo-detectors are adapted to be supplied to a quotient forming member and/or a calculating member for obtaining a signal which is compensated for temperature variations in the light-emitting structure and other sources of error.

Abstract: A cathodoluminescent display device, for example a low-voltage vacuum fluorescent display device, has a source of low-voltage electrons and cathodoluminescent layer for excitation by the low-velocity electrons which comprises particles of phosphor material, for example a sulphide, selenide, telluride or oxy-sulphide phosphor, thar are treated to increase their surface conductivities by, for example, deposition of a surface coating comprising conductive or semi-conductive material.

Abstract: An optical-address device, useful e.g. in electronic imaging, features (i) a lens array including a plurality of discrete lens means, each adapted to focus incident collimated light, from a plurality of different incidence directions, onto respectively different pixel spots of its associated multi-spot address zone (of a multi-zone, optical-address region) and (ii) light directing structure for sequentially illuminating the lens array with collimated light of different incidence directions. Printer apparatus, scanner apparatus and scanner/printer apparatus incorporating such optical-address device are disclosed.

Abstract: A fiber-optic temperature-measuring apparatus which monitors the photo-luminescence of a body of solid material subjected to the temperature to be measured. Exciting radiation is conducted by means of at least one optical fiber towards a material with temperature-dependent luminescence which is in optical contact with the fiber, whereby luminescence occurs. The radiation emitted as a consequence of the luminescence is transmitted via at least one optical fiber from the body to a place of measurement, where a measure of the temperature may be obtained. The luminescent body may consist of a semiconductor material.

Abstract: The invention relates to crystals for use in non-linear optics.According to the invention, these crystals are formed by 3 and/or 5-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide molecules.Application to the conversion of optical frequencies and to electrooptics.

Abstract: To detect a change of current flow in a conductor, a current transformer is coupled to the conductor for generating a voltage corresponding to the rate of current change. A liquid crystal device is connected to the transformer and its optical state changes when the transformer generates a voltage. The liquid crystal device is incorporated in a fiber optic circuit illuminated at one end for controlling the light emission from the other end. If the monitored circuit carries direct current, the light emission will change state briefly when the current is turned on and off or makes other rapid changes. Where the monitored circuit carries alternating current, the emitted light will be on or off depending on whether the alternating current is on or off.

Abstract: An improved photomultiplier tube comprises an evacuated envelope having a faceplate extending across one end thereof. A photoemissive cathode is disposed on the interior surface of the faceplate. A support electrode having a centrally located aperture therethrough is spaced from the faceplate. An electron multiplier assembly is attached to the support electrode. A focusing assembly is disposed about the centrally located aperture in the support electrode on a side of the support electrode opposite the electron multiplier assembly. The focusing electrode assembly comprises an insulating member having a generally tubular body with an interior surface and an exterior surface and having a proximal end and a distal end. A top-cap, having a substantially U-shaped cross-section including a flat central base and two mutually parallel projections at the ends of the base, is attached to the distal end of the insulating member.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp having a coating to reflect infrared energy back to the filament to raise its operating temperature in which the envelope is shaped as an ellipsoid and the filament and envelope have a relationship to reduce losses due to aberration and to produce a more uniform temperature distribution along the filament.

Abstract: A photoelectric smoke detector includes a light source and a light responsive cell and a smoke chamber therebetween all located within a generally cylindrical inner housing which is in turn concentrically located within a generally cylindrical outer housing. The inside surface of the outer housing is reflective, but the inner housing normally prevents light emitted by the light source into the smoke chamber from striking the outer housing. The inner housing contains one or more windows and is rotatable to move the windows to a position wherein light from the source can pass therethrough to the reflective surface of the outer housing and be reflected thereby back to the light responsive cell. The amount of light striking the reflective surface can be continuously adjusted between a normal condition when no light is reflected and a full test condition when a maximum quantity of light is reflected to the light responsive cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensing the presence of bubbles in a liquid wherein radiation is directed through said liquid toward a radiation responsive sensor and the differential between the response of the sensor when a bubble is not present in the radiation path and the response thereof when a bubble is present in the radiation path is markedly increased by limitation of the radiation which can reach said sensor to wavelengths strongly absorbed by said liquid.

Abstract: A focus detecting device has an objective lens, a pair of re-imaging lenses for receiving the light imaged by the objective lens to form a first and a second image, respectively, a pair of focus detecting photoelectric converters disposed near the focal planes of the pair of re-imaging lenses, respectively, the pair of photoelectric converters being adapted to produce photoelectric outputs corresponding to the position changes of the first and second images caused on the photoelectric converters by movement of the objective lens in the direction of the optical axis, and detecting means for receiving the outputs from the pair of photoelectric converters and detecting whether or not the objective lens is in its in-focus condition. The pair of re-imaging lenses are provided so that the F-number thereof in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the images is smaller than the F-number thereof in the direction of movement of the images position-changed on the photoelectric converters.

Abstract: An amplification-factor of the amplifier is controlled so as the output from a film-detecting-mechanism to be supplied as the input into a subtractor is adjusted fitting to a reference signal-prior to the film-insertion into the detecting mechanism. The output-signal from a comparator is supplied into the amplification-factor-variable-amplifier, in which the amplification-factor is controlled depending on the magnitude of the input-signal, and it is kept at the controlled value.Or an intensity of a light source is controlled so as the output from the film detecting mechanism to be supplied as the input into the subtractor is adjusted fitting to the reference-signal prior to the film-insertion into the detecting mechanism.

Abstract: The optoelectronic switch includes a photosensitive GaAs FET onto which an optical signal may be directed. The optical signal is derived from an RF modulated light source. A voltage circuit is connected to the FET to switch the FET "on" or "off" by placing a positive or zero voltage respectively on the drain. An isolation of over 70 dB is obtained in this FET switch.