Abstract: An electronic throttle control system having a housing and cover member with a throttle valve, gear mechanism, motor, and failsafe or default mechanism. A spring member positioned between the housing and sector gear member which is attached to the throttle valve shaft, biases the throttle valve plate member toward the closed position. A spring-biased plunger member biases the throttle plate member from its closed position to a default or “limp-home” position. In order to reduce contact between the spring member of the default mechanism and the plunger member, the spring member can have an hourglass shape and/or the outer surface of the plunger member can be minimized.

Abstract: A three-dimensional tilt ratchet mechanism that is able to rotate, pivot, and bend forwards or backwards with ease is provided. The mechanism includes a device for multi-dimensional movement and placement of a retractor blade which comprises a first member adapted to receive a stem of a retractor blade. The first member has a locking mechanism effective to enable selective lateral adjustment of the retractor blade relative to the first member. Also provided is a second member to which the first member is mated. The first member is vertically pivotable with respect to the second member to enable selective vertical pivoting adjustment of the retractor blade relative to the second member. A rotator indexing body is mated to the second member and is adapted to mount onto a rim of a surgical support.

Abstract: An improved foreign particle resistant valve assembly having a pressure responsive diaphragm main valve member activated by a pilot valve which controls flow through small orifice passages whereby pressure forces are created across the diaphragm main valve member to permit and prevent flow through the main flow section of the valve. Several arrangements illustrate various configured foreign particle-screening passages that protect the pilot valve orifice passages from blockage. The screening may be an integral part of the valve body or may be a removable member to facilitate cleaning or manufacture, and may be adapted to metallic or plastic valves. Other embodiments provide the means to enlarge a pilot pressure drop orifice passage which would then be less susceptible to foreign particle blockage and could also be combined with the screening passage means of the first embodiment.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic valve, a seat member has a protruding portion having two parallel surfaces provided in the seat member. When the seat member is fixed to the base member by inserting molding, the two parallel surfaces of the protruding portion may be put between projecting portions of a pin of a molding die. As a result, the fluid passage of the seat member may be easily positioned to correspond to an opening of the base member. Further, after molding, the seat member may be prevented from rotating in the base member since the parallel surfaces are partly covered by resin of the base member.

Abstract: A throttle body (1) which has a throttle housing (2) made of plastic, a throttle butterfly (5) being pivotably mounted in a conduit section (3) of the throttle housing (2), wherein, a metal cylinder (12) is provided in the conduit section (3) over at least part of the pivoting range of the throttle butterfly (5).