Abstract: A system for scrambling and descrambling the image associated with a video signal employs the shifting in time of a video image after removal of synchronization and color burst reference signals. Coded data which contains information necessary for unscrambling the video image is transmitted in the video signal itself during the vertical blanking interval. A high level of simplification in the decoding is achieved by merely restoring synchronization and color reference data without the need for returning the video image to its original timing. This system provides the significant advantage of permitting unscrambling of the video image using inexpensive circuitry at the decoder end, while affording the operator of the transmitter to select whether the unscrambled signal is recordable using a conventional video tape recorder.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding an optional video disc to inhibit unauthorized recording of played back signals by conventional videotape recorders is provided. A source program is mounted on a video signal generating means. The video signal is modified by increasing and decreasing time durations from a standard horizontal line duration of pre-established maximums and minimums. The modified video signal is recorded on a previously blank optical video disc.

Abstract: A secret information collation method is used between electronic apparatuses that included a portable electronic device and an information processing device. The portable electronic device can include an arithmetic processing section and a memory section for storing therein a processing program to be executed by the arithmetic processing section and first secret information. The portable electronic device collating second secret information inputted from the outside with the first secret information and performing predetermined operation in response to an operation request from the outside satisfying predetermined secret information relationship. A portable electronic device includes an arithmetic processing section and a memory section for storing therein a processing program to be executed by the arithmetic processing section and first secret information such as a secret identification number.

Abstract: A method for encrypting data is described which employs a key that includes a plurality of alphanumeric characters and a memory array adapted to operate on NxM pixel display. The method includes the steps of:a. inserting data in the memory array which, if written to the display would substantially fill it with a diffuse pattern of on and off pixels;b. selecting a first subarray of data from the memory array, the selection being controlled by a predetermined function;c. logically combining the selected first subarray of data with a second, equal size, subarray of data, using an exclusive-OR function, the second subarray determinable from the predetermined function.d. writing the results of the logical combination into a corresponding second subarray area in the memory array;e. repeating, in accordance with a predetermined function, steps b, c, and d until the memory array contains a pseudorandom distribution of bits; andf.

Abstract: A reply decoder (30) for declaring mode 4 replies when used with a KIR cryptograph computer (25) is described including timing logic (114), memory (112) for storing mode 4 replies and logic circuitry for analyzing replies stored in the memory (112). The invention further provides logic circuitry for detecting railing (117) i.e., successive replies, for detecting garbled or overlapping replies (123), for providing a floating density value window (114, 120) for summing the replies in nonselected reply positions and for target start/stop determination (215) based on selected criteria. The invention overcomes the problem of declaring excessive mode 4 replies which over burden the subsequent reply processing in a reply processor (50).

Abstract: The present invention uniquely applies data communications network techniques to a security system. A series of slave transponders are coupled via a full duplex bus to a master node. The master node is coupled to other master nodes to form a network. The master node periodically polls its slave transponders to authenticate them. Each transponder has processing capability to give a distributed processing system. Each master node is a gateway which directs transmissions to the appropriate end point. The system uses an accordion-like protocol which can have fields added or deleted in a specific structure to conform the protocol to the particular message being transmitted. The protocol begins with address bytes identifying the destination followed by a control field which identifies the fields which are present. For a broadcast, rather than a point-to-point transmission, a process ID field in the protocol determines what area or function has to be addressed in all units.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the operation of a data processing system for motor vehicles including at least two computers and a line connecting the computers for the transmission of messages. This line permits a fast and reliable data transmission between the computers installed in the motor vehicle, taking into account the specific requirements of a controller-coupling in the motor vehicle. An embodiment is provided which describes in detail the interface between the individual computers and the line linking the computers, and with the aid of which a controller-coupling is realized in the vehicle.

Abstract: A time notarization apparatus and method is disclosed which uses a secure, microprocessor based hardware platform which performs public key cryptographic operations to obtain trusted time stamping with a minimum of intervention by third parties. The hardware platform is encapsulated in a secure fashion so that the device's timestamping mechanism may not be readily tampered with or altered. The hardware platform includes at least one digital clock and a stable, secure storage device to record the private half of a public/private key pair. Coupled to both the digital clock and the storage device is a data processing device which performs public key signature operations in a secure and tamper-proof manner. Only the processing device has access to the secure storage device and its associated private key.

Abstract: In a distributed processing system having a plurality of nodes, a correspondence table, which represents a correspondence between the nodes and corresponding passwords that grant access to the nodes, stored in a disk device. Each of the nodes includes a passthrough device which permits passthrough of access request data to a node of the next hierarchical level. Upon receipt of access request data, the passthrough device refers to the correspondence table to check a password contained in the received access request data for validity of access to the node. When the password is valid, the passthrough of the access request data is permitted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for incoherent demodulation of orthogonally coded DSSS signals modulated with MSK or similar modulation types. The data signals are retrieved by splitting the received signal into two parts where the carrier is down converted to baseband by a signal (S12, S22) which is not adapted to the phase of the carrier, whereafter the down converted signals pass a correlator (13, 14), quadrature devices (15, 16) and adding devices (17, 18) and finally a discriminator (19) whic always chooses the highest correlation peak as output signals (S30).

Abstract: In a data exchange system working with processor chip cards, a chip card transmits coded identification data I, v and, proceeding from a random, discrete logarithm r, an exponential value x=2.sup.r (mod p) to the subscriber who, in turn, generates and transmits a random bit sequence e to the chip card. By multiplication of a stored, private key s with the bit sequence e and by addition of the random number r, the chip card calculates a y value and transmits the y value to the subscriber who, in turn, calculates an x value from the information y, v.sub.j and e and checks whether the calculated x value coincides with the transmitted x value. For an electronic signature, a hash value e is first calculated from an x value and from the message m to be signed and a y value is subsequently calculated from the information r, s.sub.j and e. The numbers x and y then yield the electronic signature of the message m.

Abstract: A canal+ decoder switching circuit for video cassette recorders which can enable a canal+ decoder for receiving a canal+ broadcast to be automatically switched to a VCR or to a TV when VCR mode or TV mode is selected respectively. The circuit includes a switch control circuit proving four kinds of control signals by combining a control signal output from the canal+ decoder, a canal+ channel designation signal and a VCR/TV mode switching signal provided by a microcomputer. The circuit also includes four kinds of switches and the states of their contacts are determined by the control signals provided by the switch control circuit respectively so that the canal+ broadcast can be televiewed not only in VCR mode but in TV mode without the necessity of manual connection of the canal+ decoder.

Abstract: An unforgeable personal identification system for identifying users at remote access control sites. The unforgeable personal identification system generates one-way encrypted versions of physically immutable identification credentials (facial photo, retinal scan, voice and finger prints). These credentials are stored on a portable memory device (credit card size). At a remote access control site, the user presents his portable memory device and the encrypted identification credentials are read. The user then submits physically to inputting of his physical identification characteristics to the remote access control site. Comparison is performed with the credentials obtained from the memory device and with the user's physical identity to determine whether to allow or deny access at the remote site.

Abstract: A video system includes a central facility and a terminal. Video program means for provides the terminal with a video program including a series of television fields including a first field containing both a random digital code encrypted according to a code encryption key and program identification data, and a second field containing an unintelligible video signal previously transformed from an intelligible video signal according to the random digital code. The terminal includes means to store terminal identification data and a terminal specific encryption key; and means to send to the central facility the program idenficiation data and the terminal identification data.

Abstract: A data encripting transfer system includes a scanner for scanning an object to output an image signal, a data encripting device for encripting the image signal, and a data decoder for decoding the encripted image signal. The system further includes a card having the data encripting device and the data decoder, and a receiving device for receiving the card. The received card enables the data encripting device and the data decoder.

Abstract: A phased array antenna system (20; 120) having an array (22; 122) of radiating elements (24-30; H1-H32), such as pyramidal horns, and a distribution network (32; 124) connected thereto, has a dual mode of operation where each mode produces a composite beam which can and preferably does produce an identical far-field electromagnetic radiation pattern. The first composite beam is made up of a plurality of individual beams, forming a linear combination of excitation coefficients (a.sub.1 -a.sub.4) that are mathematically orthogonal to the linear combination of excitation coefficients (b.sub.1 -b.sub.4) of the individual beams of the other composite beam. A plurality of input ports (42-44; 176-178) are provided, and each composite beam is associated with an information-bearing input signal applied to one of the input ports.

Abstract: With portable data carrying devices, which are intended for the required connection (for example by means of contacts 9) to an external read/write unit in a data exchange system and which contain besides a control unit (2) an additional data memory (5) (both implemented as integrated circuits), a high level of security should be achieved against access to the stored data and manipulations without authorization. For this purpose entry to the additional data memory (5) from the control unit (2) is protected. Various possibilities are specified such as access coding, cryptographic circuit means and methods or secret microcodes. The data carrying device (1) can be implemented with two or more separate integrated circuit components interconnected by a multiple conductor strip (3) (multi-chip), or with all functional units integrated on a common carrier (single chip).

Abstract: An improved system for transmission financial data includes, in preferred embodiments, an encryption key stored on a bank card and used to encrypt preselected data prior to transmission. Encrypted data is then transmitted through all intermediate computers without decryption and reencryption. Decryption occurs only at the final destination, where the encryption key has been stored. In preferred embodiments, the encryption key is combined with a terminal identification valve to provide further security.

Abstract: A public communication system for encrypted audio/video information has various selective entitlement organizations with respect to its distributed receiver station. Such receiver station comprises one or more receiver sub-stations for decrypting the received encrypted information by means of a decrypting key. Furthermore, the receiver station comprises one or more decription key sub-stations that may be interrogated by the receiver sub-stations and thereupon may verify a conditional access requirement, and in case of positive verification, forward decryption key information the interogating received sub-station. All said sub-stations are interconnected by a serial standard bus, so that the configuration of a station is flexible and may even be altered dynamically.

Abstract: A first data source and a second data source are combined into a complex intermediate form or result; the first data source can be extracted from the intermediate form using the second data source. The combining mechanism can provide an alternative to the exclusive-OR combiner commonly used in stream ciphers.Each data value from the first data source is transformed by substitution using one of potentially multiple translation tables (12). The translations within each table can be changed after each substitution operation using a changes controller (18). Commonly, the just-used table is re-arranged or permuted; permutation retains invertibility, so that the ciphertext may be deciphered. As a particular design, the just-used substitution element may be exchanged with some element within the same table, as selected by the second data source, after every translation.