Abstract: A coating method by which the speed of coating can be improved remarkably regardless of the number of polar groups on the surface of a web and irrespective of the properties of material for the web. A coating solution flowing out of a liquid injector is applied to a web supported by a coating backup roller. A high frequency signal from a master oscillator is amplified and applied to a vibrator. Ultrasonic waves generated in the vibrator are guided by a horn to be radiated to the contact line between the coating solution and the web. With the invention it is possible to prevent a coating solution from being intermittently applied to a web, and it is also possible to increase the coating limit speed, for example, by 5 to 26%. In addition, lateral stair-stepped unevenness of thickness is not produced in the coating layer.

Abstract: A paint in a paint pan is picked up through a gap h.sub.PA formed between a pickup roll and an applicator roll, part of the paint is attached to the applicator roll and delivered to a sheet as a supply flow rate q.sub.A. The film thickness coated on the sheet is controlled in accordance with a model equation: M={(q.sub.A -q.sub.L).multidot..gamma..multidot.C}/LS which has evaluated a difference between the supply flow rate q.sub.A and a leak flow rate q.sub.L not transferred onto the sheet, remaining on the applicator roll and escaping through a gap h.sub.AS (.gamma. is the specific gravity of the paint, C the concentration of a solid content of the paint and LS a moving speed of the sheet).

Abstract: A method for selectively forming thin films by CVD in which at least two substrates are exposed to a decomposable gas, and one of the subsrates is independently heated to selectively form a film on the heated substrate. The invention further comprises a step of measuring an electrical property of the film during deposition.

Abstract: Control of the local environment during pulsed laser removal of thin film circuit metallurgy is used to change the nature of the top surfaces. Interconnecting such laser treated surfaces with LCVD films results in different growth morphologies, dependent on the nature of the surface created and the debris generated during the ablation process. Flowing helium across the surface during the ablation process results in improved growth morphologies for the same laser writing conditions. A low power laser scan is used to induce metal deposition on the substrate without surface damage. This is followed by several scans at an intermediate laser power to deposit the desired thickness of metal (e.g., about 8 .mu.m). Lastly, a high power laser scan is used, either at the points of intersection between the existing metallurgy and the metal repair or across the entire deposit area. Thermal spreading or blooming is reduced by modulating the intensity of the laser source.