Abstract: A multilayer light modulator includes, a light modulating stack operable to transform an electrical control signal into a modulated optical signal. The light modulating stack comprises one or more optically reflecting layers, optically transmitting layers, and optically variable layers. The optically variable layer comprises a plurality of electrophoretic particles supported in a fluid. The multilayer light modulator also includes a bias generator coupled to the optically variable layers. The bias generator is responsive to the electrical control signal, wherein the bias generator creates a bias that changes the reflectance of the light modulating stack by causing the electrophoretic particles to move within the fluid.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound having in the molecule at least an adsorbable group, a redox chromophore and a spacer portion, and represented by the following General Formula (1): wherein A represents the adsorbable group, C represents the redox chromophore, and X represents the spacer portion represented by the following formula; wherein R1 and R3 each represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic derivative group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group.

Abstract: An electrochemical/electrically controllable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including a first carrier substrate including an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers and a second carrier substrate including an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers. The first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating mechanism.

Abstract: The manufacture of a GRIN lens using a sol-gel process includes forming a wet gel from an alcohol solution containing a silicon alkoxide, a dopant alkoxide, and an aluminum alkoxide, first, an alcohol solution containing the silicon alkoxide and the aluminum alkoxide as is prepared, and then the dopant alkoxide is mixed thereto.

Abstract: An electrically controllable/electrochemical device, having variable optical and/or energy properties, including at least one carrier substrate including a first electronically conductive layer, a first electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly inserting ions such as cations, H+, or Li+, or anions, OH?, or anions made of an anodic (or respectively cathodic) electrochromic material, an electrolyte layer, a second electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly inserting the ions, or made of a cathodic (or respectively anodic) electrochromic material, and a second electronically conductive layer. At least one of the electrochemically active layers capable of reversibly inserting the ions, or made of an anodic or cathodic electrochromic material, has a sufficient thickness to allow all the ions to be inserted without electrochemically disfunctioning the active layers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a structure and method for realizing electromagnetically-induced transparency. In the present invention, a first split-ring resonator and a second split-ring resonator form a resonance structure. The first split-ring resonator and the second split-ring resonator are made of a conductive material. The first split-ring resonator has a “U” shape with a containing space. The second split-ring resonator has a “rectangular loop” shape with a gap or has a “U” shape with an opening. The second split-ring resonator is inserted into the containing space with the gap or opening arranged inside the containing space and faced downward to form the resonance structure. The resonance structures are periodically arranged on a chip to form an array. Thereby, different-frequency electromagnetic waves can be used to generate electromagnetically-induced transparency via regulating the dimensions of the resonance structure.

Abstract: An electrophoretic dispersion solution includes a nonpolar solvent and plural kinds of electrophoretic particles. At least one kind of the electrophoretic particles has, on surfaces, a copolymer including a first monomer that has a charged group and a second monomer expressed by a first formula represented as R denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R? denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with a carbon number of 1 through 4, n is a natural number, and x denotes an integer of 1 through 3. At least another kind of the electrophoretic particles include, on surfaces, a polymer including a third monomer expressed by a second formula represented as a component of the polymer. R denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R?? denotes an alkyl group with a carbon number of 4 or larger.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a first lens group having a positive refractive power, a second lens group having a negative refractive power, a third lens group having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power or a negative refractive power. The lens groups are arranged in order from the object side toward the image side. The focal lengths of the system at a wide angle end and a telephoto end, the focal lengths of the first and second lens groups, the distance between the position of the first lens group, the position being closest to the object side upon zooming, and the position of the first lens group at the wide angle end, and the difference between the largest distance between the first and second lens groups upon zooming and the distance between the first and second lens groups at the wide angle end are determined.

Abstract: Provided is a microminiaturized zoom optical system capable of sufficiently correcting aberration. The zoom optical system (100) includes a first lens group (101) having a negative optical power, a second lens group (102) having a positive optical power, and a third lens group (103) having a positive or negative optical power in this order from the object side. The zoom optical system is configured in such a manner that the interval between the first lens group (101) and the second lens group (102) is decreased in zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end. A positive lens element in the third lens group (103) or in a lens group closer to the image side than the third lens group (103) satisfies the following conditional expression: vp<40 where vp is the minimum value of the Abbe number of the positive lens element.

Abstract: It is an object to perform high-precision observation by compensating group-velocity-delay dispersion and angular dispersion with a simple structure. The invention provides a laser microscope 1 including a light source; an acousto-optic deflector 7 that deflects ultrashort-pulse laser light L emitted from the light source; an angular-dispersion element 8, disposed in front of or after the acousto-optic deflector 7, that applies angular dispersion in a direction opposite to the acousto-optic deflector 7; and a group-velocity-delay dispersion-amount adjusting unit 10 that adjusts the amount of dispersion compensation by moving the angular-dispersion element 8 so as to vary the optical path length at each wavelength between the angular-dispersion element 7 and the acousto-optic deflector 8.

Abstract: A mirror element comprising a front element, a rear element, electrochromic material therebetween, and a spotter optic located at the rear surface of the front element. At least a portion of the spotter optic has a first radius of curvature and at least a portion of the front surface of the front element has a greater second radius of curvature. A line perpendicular to the front surface extends through both the electrochromic material and the spotter optic. A first electrode coating and a second electrode coating are activated to activate the electrochromic material in order to dim a reflection off of the mirror element. A reflective coating of the spotter optic can form a portion of the first electrode coating. The first electrode coating and the reflective coating can overlap.

Abstract: A MEMS device and fabrication method are disclosed. A bottom substrate having an insulating layer sandwiched between an upper layer and a lower layer may be bonded to a device layer. One or more portions of the upper layer may be selectively removed to form one or more device cavities. Conductive vias may be formed through the lower layer at locations that underlie the one or more device cavities and electrically isolated from the lower layer. Devices may be formed from the device layer. Each device overlies a corresponding device cavity. Each device may be connected to the rest of the device layer by one or more corresponding hinges formed from the device layer. One or more electrical contacts may be formed on a back side of the lower layer. Each contact is electrically connected to a corresponding conductive via.

Abstract: Lens structures, imaging devices, and methods of making the same that include a lens and a transparent material having different dispersions and used to correct chromatic and spherical aberrations. The transparent material may be a curable polymer used to join the lens to other elements of the lens structure.

Abstract: An exemplary optical hybrid includes a 50/50 un-polarized beam splitter, a folding prism, a beam shifter, a spacer and a phase shifter such that from an input S-beam (signal) and an L-beam (reference), four outputs, S+L, S?L, S+jL and S?jL, are produced. The phase difference between the two components of each output beam produced by the S and L beams in the optical hybrid is ?+0, ?+90, ?+180, or ?+270 degrees, where ? is the phase difference of the signal beam with respect to the reference beam. In an alternative embodiment, the phase difference between the two components of each output beam produced by the S and L beams in the optical hybrid is ?+0, ?+X, ?+180, or ?+180+X degrees, where X is an arbitrary number of degrees greater than 0 and smaller than 180.

Abstract: In various embodiments, devices, methods, and systems for adjusting the reflectivity spectrum of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device are described herein. The method comprises depositing a reflectivity modifying layer with the optical cavity of an interferometric modulator, where the reflectivity modifying layer shifts or trims the shape of the interferometric modulator's wavelength reflectivity spectrum relative to the absence of the reflectivity modifying layer.

Abstract: A negative refraction photonic crystal lens is provided. The negative refraction photonic crystal lens includes a substrate and a plurality of voids periodically distributed in the substrate. The voids are configured extending along a direction longitudinally perpendicular with an incident direction of a light having a specific wavelength. By suitably selecting a refractive index of the substrate, a radius of the voids, and a lattice parameter of the voids, the negative refraction photonic crystal lens presents a negative refraction characteristic with respect to the specific wavelength, in that the light incident from one side of the substrate can be focused at the other side of the substrate, thus configuring an optical lens. The optical lens is adapted for not only achieving an optimal sub-wavelength focusing performance, but also further improving the imaging resolution of the negative refraction photonic crystal lens by employing an anisotropic material for preparing the substrate.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes an imaging lens system and an image sensor. The imaging lens system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, and a fourth lens. The imaging module satisfies the formulas (1) D/T?1.1, (2) ?3.5<R2/F1<?1.5, (3) ?2.5<R3/F2<?0.5, and (4) 1.5<|R7/F4|<3.5, wherein D is the diagonal length of the sensing area of the image sensor, T is the length from the object surface of the first lens to the sensing surface of the image sensor, R2 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface of the first lens, R3 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the second lens, R7 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the fourth lens, F1, F2, F4 are the corresponding focal length of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens.

Abstract: The optical element includes in order from a light-entering side, a first layer (012), a second layer (013), and a base member (011). The first layer includes a concavo-convex structure with convex portions (012a) and concave portions (012b) alternately formed at a pitch smaller than a wavelength ? of entering light, and the second layer satisfies the following conditions: nb · n ? ? s - 0.15 ? n ? ? A ? nb · n ? ? s + 0.10 ? 8 · n ? ? A ? dA ? ? n ? ? A where ns represents an effective refractive index of the first layer, nb represents a refractive index of the base member, and nA and dA respectively represent a refractive index and a thickness of the second layer.

Abstract: A rearview mirror system includes an electro-optic reflective element having a specularly reflecting indicia reflector established at a second surface of a front substrate. The indicia provides a visible contrast between light incident at the mirror reflector and light incident at the indicia reflector so that when the mirror reflective element is in its high reflectance state, indicia information is subtly viewable by a person viewing the reflective element. The indicia may convey information that informs that the rearview mirror assembly is an automatic dimming type, informs of a brand logo and/or informs of a personalization logo. The mirror assembly may include a video display screen and contrast enhancement means for enhancing the viewability of the video display screen when the rearview mirror assembly is operated in high ambient lighting conditions. A control may determine a driver performance in response to a sensing device and a vehicle monitoring device.

Abstract: A photosensitive electrochromic device includes a transparent non-conductive substrate, a thin-film solar cell module and an electrochromic solution. The thin-film solar cell module is a monolithic series-connected module and includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of thin-film solar cells located on the transparent substrate, wherein all the thin-film solar cells in the thin-film solar cell module are connected in series, and the above-mentioned electrochromic solution is located between the transparent non-conductive substrate and the thin-film solar cell module.