Abstract: An eccentric Fresnel lens is formed from a concentric Fresnel lens sheet or Fresnel lens sheet mold. The concentric Fresnel lens sheet or mold is cut to produce an eccentric Fresnel lens having a center offset from the optical axis of the concentric Fresnel lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprising, in order from the object side, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power as a whole, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power as a whole and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power as a whole. This zoom lens system has a very wide field angle of approximately 102.degree. to 93.degree., a high aperture ratio of F/2.8 and a relatively simple composition.

Abstract: A collimating lens (10) is constructed of a lens assembly having a first lens set (12, 14) at a first end of the assembly and a second lens set (20) at a second end of the assembly with a doublet (16, 18) disposed between the first lens set and the second lens set. The first lens set includes a plurality of lens elements (12, 14) each of which has positive optical power. The second lens set has a single lens element (26) of positive optical power and a concave surface (40) facing subject matter to be viewed by the collimating lens. The doublet lens element includes a lens element (16) constructed of flint glass and having a negative optical power plus a lens element (18) constructed of crown glass and having a positive optical power. In the doublet lens element, the negative power lens element has two concave surfaces, the positive-power lens element has two convex surfaces, and the two lens elements are cemented together to provide for a broad-band chromatic correction.

Abstract: A stereoscopic retinal camera is provided with an illumination optical system for illuminating the fundus of an examinee's eye, an observing/photographing optical system for observing and photographing an image of the fundus of the eye in a stereoscopic picture, which includes a light beam splitting optical system for splitting the light beam of the illumination optical system reflected by the fundus into a right light beam and a left light beam and a pair of image forming optical systems for forming respective images of the fundus by the two light beams, an index projecting optical system for projecting a focusing index on the examinee's eye, an index detecting optical system for detecting the focusing condition of the focusing index projected on the fundus of the eye, a judging means for judging a focusing condition by processing signals provided by the index detecting optical system, wherein one of the index projecting optical system and the index detecting optical system comprises a pair of right and left

Abstract: A low vision lens for attachment to the front surface of an ophthalmic lens by an adhesive ring coupling carried by the lens, a method for making such a lens assembly, and a method for attaching such lens to the front surface of ophthalmic lens is described.

Abstract: An apparatus for photographing a corneal endothelium of a patient's eye according to the invention includes an optical system for observing the anterior segment of the eye to align optical systems of the apparatus with the eye; an illumination optical system for projecting each illumination light emitted by a light source for observation and a light source for photography onto the cornea of the eye; an endothelium observing and photographing optical system for receiving reflected light from the corneal endothelium and observing and photographing it, the observing and photographing optical system including a reflected light receiving element for aligning the optical systems of the apparatus in the back and forth directions with the eye; display means for displaying images of the anterior segment and the corneal endothelium separately from each other; and image switching means for switching a displayed image from the anterior segment to the corneal endothelium and vice versa.

Abstract: A pair of glasses for use by an individual viewing a CRT screen for easing eye strain includes a pair of lenses, each of the lenses includes a prism disposed within the thickness of the lens for refracting light from an object to a user's eye for moving the light to avoid normal convergence of the individual's eyes for reducing eye strain as an individual views a CRT screen. Frames are provided for securing the pair of lenses in an operative position relative to a user's eyes.

Abstract: A device for testing visual contrast sensitivity is disclosed whereby the contrast between a vectographically polarized test symbol and a reference background may be continuously varied by changing the direction of polarization of a polarization analyzer situated along the test axis. The invention is practiced by providing a chart projector or a conventional refractor with a rotatable analyzer.

Abstract: An ocular mounting assembly for adjustably mounting a pair of ocular devices, such as telemicroscopic loupes, to an eyeglass frame or head mount with linear and rotational adjustments through five degrees of freedom. The ocular mounting assembly includes an adjustable ocular support assembly and an adjustable clamp assembly rotatably attached to the ocular support assembly. The ocular support assembly provides interpupillary distance, convergence angle and view direction adjustment of the ocular devices, which are rotatably attached to the support assembly. The adjustable clamp assembly provides height and view angle adjustment of the ocular devices and allows the ocular devices to be flipped up out of the way when not needed. The height adjustment in conjunction with the view angle adjustment allows the line of sight to be adjusted while the ocular devices are positioned close to the eye or eyeglass lens.

Abstract: A display apparatus having an image generator and a beam combiner including a hologram for displaying a reduced image by receiving beams from the image generator. A virtual image of an image generated by the image generator is formed in the vicinity of the beam combiner by virtue of the image reductioning function of the beam combiner, so that the displayed image is visible from a wider range of viewing positions.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes, in order from the object side, a first lens unit that remains fixed during zooming and which has a positive power, a second lens unit that has a zooming capability, that moves during zooming and that has a negative power, a third lens unit that has a capability of compensating for the position of the focal point, that moves during zooming and that has a negative power, and a fourth lens unit that has an imaging capability, that remains fixed during zooming and that has a positive power, said fourth lens unit comprising a first sub-unit that comprises, in order from the object side, a positive lens element, a positive lens element and a negative lens element and that has a positive overall power, and a second sub-unit that comprises, in order from the object side, a positive lens element, a negative lens element and a positive lens element and that has a positive overall power. The zoom lens system satisfies the specified conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for assuring vertical alignment of visual axes of a patient's eyes includes an eye cup that enables establishment of a liquid bath in which a surface of a cornea of a supine patient's first eye is completely submerged. A first light source is positioned above the liquid bath and directs a beam of alignment light to the submerged eye. A second light source is positioned above the patient's second eye and directs a beam of adjustment light to its corneal surface. Apparatus is provided that enables relative movement between the first and second light sources so as to enable the light sources to be moved into a position where the patient indicates a fusion of the light sources into a single spot, at which point it is known that the visual axis are vertical and aligned. The liquid bath assures that the beam of alignment light from the first light source is only in focus at the patient's eye when the first light source is directly coincident with the vertical axis of the first eye.

Abstract: An elongated band has an end piece on said end. Each end piece is made of a resilient material and has a slit extending through the end piece for receiving a temple bow of the eyeglasses. A pair of anti-splitting holes extend through the end piece, along each side of the slit, for preventing splitting of the end piece along the slit.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus and method is disclosed wherein a stop having a rectangular opening is disposed in an illumination optical system and, through the function of this stop, a rectangular effective light source is defined on a pupil of a projection optical system. With light from this effective light source, longitudinal and transverse patterns of a reticle extending substantially along the configuration of the effective light source are illuminated. Zeroth order and first order diffraction light caused by these patterns is incident and distributed on the pupil so as to define thereon a rectangular configuration about the center of the pupil, and the longitudinal and transverse patterns are imaged with the diffraction light.

Abstract: A zoom lens is disclosed, having, in order from the object side, a negative first lens unit, a negative or positive second lens unit, a positive or negative third lens unit and a fourth lens unit. The second and third lens units have refractive powers of opposite sign to each other. When zooming from the wide-angle side to the telephoto side, the first to fourth lens units move toward the object side, while simultaneously varying their lens separations.

Abstract: A pseudo-luminous panel has a substrate and a thin film optical color filter formed all over the main surface of the substrate with or without a reflecting film interposed therebetween. The main surface of the substrate is formed by obliquely downward and upward band-like surfaces alternately arranged side by side in a vertical direction. The downward band-like surfaces of the substrate, or downward band-like surfaces of the reflecting film formed on the downward band-like surfaces of the substrate are each a smooth reflecting surface. The upward band-like surfaces of the substrate, or the upward band-like surfaces of the reflecting film formed on the upward band-like surfaces of the substrate, are each a smooth, irregular or uneven reflecting surface. Obliquely downward band-like surfaces of the color filter are each a smooth surface extending straight in the longitudinal section of the panel, and obliquely upward band-like surfaces of the color filter are each a rough surface.

Abstract: A method for visually representing for easy analysis the relations between a plurality of cornea-operated patients' tendencies over time to astigmatism on the one hand, and the surgical techniques employed in the operations on the other. A plurality of diopter data matrices are generated about the multiple corneas having different conditions. An arithmetic mean value of each of the components constituting the data matrices is calculated so as to prepare a mean value matrix. A standard deviation of each of the components is calculated using the mean value matrix and the data matrices so as to prepare a standard deviation matrix. The mean value matrix and the standard deviation matrix are displayed in relevant positions on a cornea map using any of color pallets and graphic patterns associated with the arithmetic mean value and standard deviation of the components.

Abstract: In glasses, in particular industrial safety or sports glasses with an integral continuous sight piece and with inclination-adjustable side pieces articulated on a frame piece it is provided for the purpose of defined and reliable inclination-adjustment accompanied by the advantage of low-cost manufacturing that the sight piece has lateral backwards oriented appendixes formed in one piece with it and extending about in parallel to the wearer's head, that a frame piece with lateral appendixes is arranged along the upper edge of the sight piece surrounding the latter and the latter's appendixes, that the frame piece with the articulated side pieces is supported on the sight piece pivotably around a horizontal pivot axis, in that pins are arranged on the inside of each of the appendixes, that the pins engage with semicircular slits concentric of the pivot axis in the appendixes of the sight piece, wherein, to arrest the pins in certain angular positions of the slits, the latter are formed by a plurality of approx

Abstract: An ultraviolet protected, electrochemichromic rearview mirror assembly incorporating an electrochemichromic medium with reduced ultraviolet degradation is disclosed which may incorporate tinted means such as a specialized glass, a dye, and/or a polymer layer.

Abstract: The eye glass frame is comprised of a pair of rims for receiving the lenses; side temples connected at one end to the outside edge of each rim, each side temple formed to rest behind the wearer's ears; and at least one supporting member attached to the side temple for securing the eye glass frame to the wearer's hair to properly position the lenses relative to the wearer's eyes. The glass frame may have several supporting members, which have several alternative configurations. That is, the supporting member may be comprised of at least one joint member attached to the side temple, and at least one head seating member formed at the free end of the joint member. The supporting member may be further comprised of at least one connecting member provided between the joint member and the head seating member. The head seating member has several alternative configurations.