Abstract: Pulp mill effluents, particularly soda-containing treatment liquors, are subjected to a separatory treatment comprising a pre-treatment with flocculating agent in a sub-critical amount incapable of effecting flocculation, followed by an ultrafiltration of the pre-treated effluent.

Abstract: A self-cleaning filter device comprises a fluidic oscillator having a pair of passages through which fluid is directed alternately, and filter elements which fluid can flow from said passages to an auxiliary outlet. A main outlet communicates with the passages in such a way that the filter elements do not impede fluid flow to the main outlet. Between each passage and the main outlet is a device which provides a higher impedance to flow from the main outlet to the passages than to flow in the opposite direction, and assists the self-cleaning action of the filter elements by increase the difference between the fluid pressures in the passages.

Abstract: A filter press comprises a support plate and a pressure plate and a set of chamber-type filter plates arranged therebetween. Each filter plate is provided with a cloth filtering barrier in the form of an endless belt which is supported by two rollers fastened to two opposite walls of the filter plate in such a manner that both runs of the belt extend on the side of a draining barrier of the filter plate. There are provided two bars for displacement of the filtering barriers extending along the set of the filter plates on opposite sides of the set, the bars having a drive for their concurrent transverse reciprocation, and there are also provided rods which are fixed to each endless belt to extend transversally thereof and movable along and together with the bars in transverse direction relative to the set of the filter plates.

Abstract: Used oil is rerefined by diluting it with a non-polar diluent, removing insoluble impurities from the resulting solution, extracting said solution with an immiscible liquid extractant to remove further impurities, and finally removing extractant and diluent from the oil.

Abstract: A machine is disclosed for use with an artificial kidney. The machine has three separately controllable pumps enabling delivery and return of a dialysate solution to an artificial kidney with precise control of various dialysate parameters such as temperature, pressure, conductivity, and flow rate.The machine has redundant control and monitor circuits to assure safe operation. The monitor circuit is capable of causing the machine to stop dialysis if any one of various monitored parameters goes out of limits.

Abstract: This invention relates to filter material consisting substantially of a microporous and/or macroporous sheet structure obtained by coagulation of a polymer solution in which at least one surface area of the sheet structure is abraded more or less, depending on the desired pore size and a process for producing said filter materials.

Abstract: Method of separating a mixture of a carrier medium and at least one substance insoluble therein, for example, water and oil or gas and soot, in which the mixture is separated in three steps, i.e. a first step in which the mixture is passed for coalescence of the substance through a first packet of moving filter material, a second step in which the substance coalesced segregates from the mixture by gravity and a third step in which the remainder of the substance and the other packet of filter material is filtered out.

Abstract: A Poppet valve is disclosed of the type in which a valve member located in a flow passage is biased to the closed position on a valve seat, and in which an electrical indication is provided, when the valve seats or unseats, by an indicator circuit which includes a current path through the valve and valve seat which is opened and closed by seating and unseating respectively of the valve. The valve construction includes a conductive rubber seal which insures a positive seal while allowing the passage of electric current for activating the indicator circuit. In one embodiment, a thin metal contact washer is used in conjunction with the rubber seal to enhance its conductivity, the configuration of the contact washer allowing good sealing contact while greatly improving the contact conductivity.The indicator circuit activates an indicator device such as a panel light in response to the making or breaking of the current path caused by seating or unseating of the valve.

Abstract: A dialysis membrane for hemodialysis having passages of uniform diameter and positioned uniform distances from each other.

Abstract: A sludge supply device for a single type filter press, wherein a sludge feeding nozzle is fitted in a recess in a side wall of a filter plate, with a filter cloth interposed therebetween, comprising a sludge supply pipe connected to said sludge feeding nozzle and at least two supporting rods carrying said sludge supply pipe and pivotally mounted on a retaining means attached to the side wall of the filter plate, said retaining means, said sludge supply pipe and said at least two supporting rods constituting a parallelogrammatical link mechanism, thereby maintaining said sludge feeding nozzle in a generally constant direction during the movement thereof. This invention facilitates the discharge of cake removed from the filter cloths and ensures smooth travelling of each filter cloth and easy washing thereof.

Abstract: A disc press for continuous pressing of aqueous or suspended pulp for fractionating the pulp in a liquid fraction and a dry substance fraction, comprises two plane parallel pressing discs mounted for rotation about a shaft and having strainer plates which haul the pulp therebetween by friction. The press also comprises inner and outer pressing means extending between the pressing discs and together with the latter define a curved pulp passage which in the transport direction has a varying cross section and constitutes a filling or dewatering zone, a pressing zone and a discharge zone. The passage zones of the pulp passage combined extend throughout an angle which is less than 360.degree., and the filling or dewatering zone has an approximately constant cross section. The subsequent pressing zone (B) has a uniformly decreasing cross section, the centerline of the pressing zone following an arc having an approximately constant radius about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A high volume low pressure drop filter is provided which comprises a housing containing a plurality of filter panels hinged in accordian form. The filter panels in filtering position have an upwardly facing V-configuration. The panels are readily replaced by moving the active panels into an inactive position and drawing a fresh pair of panels into the position occupied by the panels which were removed.

Abstract: A device for separating essentially immiscible fluids such as oil from rough water which utilizes a drum-shaped mechanism having generally vertically disposed oleophilic discs rotatable about a horizontal oil receiving trough, the unit being mounted in a frame also providing a sump which allows rotation of the drum, the complete unit being able to follow wave motion substantially independently of a supporting vessel through use of slide and guide mechanisms providing fore and aft restraint while allowing freedom of movement in heave and roll independent of ship motions. A major portion of the interior area of the drum about which the oleophilic discs rotate is filled with buoyancy material.

Abstract: Anthracite packed oil water coalescers are treated with certain polymers, e.g. polybutene polyamines to improve their performance when dealing with sea water - oil emulsions.

Abstract: A unit is presented for the transfer of a gaseous component in one stream to or from a liquid component in another stream, in which a membrane assembly is wound spirally around a central rigid cylindrical core. The membrane assembly comprises a continuous length of flattened tubular membrane with a gas net passing through the intermediate portion of the membrane from end to end thereof and substantially the width of the interior of the tubular membrane. In forming the coil, a net separator is wound between the membrane layers of the coil. An inlet tube for one of the components communicates with one end of the membrane and an outlet tube for the same component communicates with the other end of the membrane. Means is provided for passing another of the components longitudinally of the coil between the membrane layers from one end of the coil to the other end. The specific embodiment of a blood oxygenator is described.

Abstract: Extracorporeal and implantable blood interchange devices used in providing interchange function of predetermined components with a fluid, such as for instance the removal of undesirable components from the bloodstream of a human and, characterized by capillary tubing having a reactor or sorbent material, such as activated charcoal, disposed within the lumens thereof, with the tubing being semi-permeable and with blood, or other fluid, being perfused over the capillary tubing in close physical contact with the exterior surfaces thereof, for accomplishing interchange coaction between the sorbent in the tubing and the perfusing fluid. Such tubing is arranged in rectangular configuration, with tangential entry and exit of perfused fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for reverse osmosis purification of water or other fluid by passing the fluid under pressure across a membrane, through which membrane a part of the fluid passes in purified form, makes use of a piston or diaphragm pump in which the front face of the piston or diaphragm is used to force the fluid from one end of a cylinder into the module and in which the return fluid is applied to the rear face of the piston or diaphragm so that the pressures on the two faces are substantially balanced. The piston or diaphragm is operated by a piston rod attached to the rear face of the piston or diaphragm; the system is self-regulating to give an extraction ratio equal to the ratio of piston rod area to piston area.

Abstract: A three phase mixture, of organic liquid, aqueous liquid and solid phases, is separated in a settler vessel equipped with means for imparting local agitation in the region of the aqueous/organic interface.

Abstract: Apparatus for the treatment of dialysate for the hemodialyzer in which apparatus the dialysate is recirculated and urea and other toxins in the dialysate are removed by repeated adsorption on and desorption from an adsorbent packed in a plurality of adsorbent beds that are used alternately or in rotation. Valves controlling flows of recirculating dialysate and the liquid (water and fresh dialysate) for desorption to and from said adsorbent beds are operated automatically with use of a timing device.

Abstract: A mass transfer apparatus is disclosed comprising a housing, preferably rectangular, a semipermeable membrane disposed within said housing, said membrane being folded to form a stack of accordion pleats over the whole internal surface of the bottom of said housing, one or more support members being disposed within every pleat on one side only of said membrane, all edges of said membrane being embedded in plastic embedding material within said housing so that the membrane thereby forms two fluid compartments with ports allowing the flow of a fluid in each compartment, the creases of said membrane pleats being collapsed upon said support members and, at their ends, being sharply folded upon themselves and deeply penetrating into the embedding material along a longitudinal side of the housing. The creases which sharply fold upon themselves have a bi-concave external shape.