Abstract: A projection exposure lens has an object plane, optical elements for separating beams, a concave mirror, an image plane, a first lens system arranged between the object plane and the optical elements for separating beams, a second double pass lens system arranged between the optical elements for separating beams and the concave mirror, a third lens system arranged between the optical elements for separating beams and the image plane. The second lens system has a maximum of five lenses.

Abstract: A phase shift element having a central area (for transmitting part of an incident laser beam in the vicinity of the beam central axis) and a first area (giving the laser beam incident thereon a phase difference ? relative to a beam passing through the central area) is placed on an optical path between a laser light source and a polygon mirror of a scanning optical system. The scanning optical system including such a phase shift element is installed in a printer. By the effect of the phase shift element, the intensity of side lobes (several rings of light accompanying the main beam) is prevented from exceeding a threshold value even when optical surfaces of an imaging optical system of the scanning optical system have certain microscopic undulations, by which black stripes occurring in halftone printing can be eliminated.

Abstract: A display has an array of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Switches (MEMS) display elements on a substrate such as glass. Rather than directly drive all columns of the MEMS display elements from off-substrate column drivers, column mux logic is placed on the substrate. The column mux logic uses MEMS contact-switch elements that have additional contact electrodes that touch and make electrical connection when the MEMS switch is closed, but do not touch and isolate the contact electrodes from each other when the MEMS switch is open. Smaller data words of column data is successively loaded into and stored by the MEMS column-mux, which then drives the columns of the display array. The smaller data words require fewer off-substrate connections than if all columns were driven by the off-substrate drivers. An intermediate holding voltage is applied to store column data in the column mux. Off-substrate interconnect is further reduced using on-substrate row-mux MEMS.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of optical elements in projection systems, preferably in projection modules having a changeable focal width such as for the imaging of tilt mirror matrices or for the imaging of reflective, i.e. transmissive, LCDs, whereby the optical elements (2, 3) fixed in place in mechanical holders (6, 7) are arranged so that they can be positioned on a common optical axis (5) relative to one another. According to the invention, for the purpose of accommodating the mounted optical elements (2, 3, 4), a common carrier element (1) is provided. With a minimized number of optical and mechanical elements, both the construction lengths and the diameters of the overall arrangement are reduced so that inexpensive production is possible.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for generating patterns to be used in a spatial light modulator having a plurality of pixels. The method includes generating an optical pattern to be placed upon the pixels of the spatial light modulator, applying the optical pattern to the pixels of the spatial light modulator, measuring the optical performance of the plurality of pixels having the optical pattern applied to it, comparing the measured optical performance to a target optical performance, and adjusting the optical pattern applied to the plurality of pixels to form another optical pattern that more closely achieves the target optical performance.

Abstract: The protective helmet comprises within its thickness at least one optical path, having a dorsal entry and a frontal exit, for conveying to the eye (O) of the user an image of the scene behind said user's back. An objective lens (11) is disposed at the point of said dorsal entry aperture. An eyepiece and a reflecting optical member are disposed at the point of said frontal exit, said reflecting optical member being positioned so as to reflect the image coming from said eyepiece toward the eye of the wearer of the helmet; and at least one refractive member is disposed along said optical path, between said lens and said eyepiece (23).

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a lenticular plate by irradiating with laser light a plate to which a photosensitive material is deposited. The apparatus for fabricating a lenticular plate comprises a collimator for collimating a beam from a laser to a predetermined diameter, a mask for adjusting the intensity distribution of the collimated beam, a photoplate on which a layer of photosensitive material is deposited, means for directing the beam which has passed through the mask to a desired region of the photoplate, and means for controlling the mask and the means for directing the beam such that the beam of predetermined intensity distribution irradiates on the desired region of the photoplate.

Abstract: An optical system capable of correcting aberrations due to three-dimensional decentration by using a rotationally asymmetric surface having no plane of symmetry. The optical system includes, from the ray bundle entrance side, a first surface (3) serving as both a first transmitting surface and a second reflecting surface, a second surface (4) as a first reflecting surface, and a third surface (5) as a second transmitting surface. The space between these surfaces is filled with a medium having a refractive index larger than 1. The first surface (3) is a three-dimensional surface having no plane of symmetry.

Abstract: This specification discloses a zoom lens which has, in succession from the object side, a first lens unit of positive refractive power, a second lens unit having negative refractive power and movable during a focal length change, a third lens unit for correcting the changing of an image plane resulting from the movement of the second lens unit, and a fixed fourth lens unit having positive refractive power, and in which an aspherical surface of a predetermined shape for correcting well spherical aberration and distortion resulting from a focal length change is provided on a predetermined lens surface in the first lens unit.

Abstract: A plastic lens includes an optically functioning section, a flange section disposed at an outer periphery thereof, a reference surface formed at an outer peripheral portion of the flange section and adapted to become a reference for attachment, and a tapered surface formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral portion of the flange section which is located closer to the optically functioning section side than is the reference surface so as to taper down its diameter along the optical axis of the optically functioning section. The tapered surface forms a surface at which a gate for resin injection is located upon manufacture.