Abstract: A command system of a power conditioning system of the present invention receives return pattern information including a time instance and an upper output limit, and issues a command with respect to the upper output limit of the power conditioning system, the return pattern information being for preventing the frequency of an isolated power system, which is calculated by a planning server, from causing a sharp change.

Abstract: A method for estimating proper eutectic modification level in a liquid metal to minimize macro shrinkage porosity and gas bubbles during casting of aluminum automobile components, and a system and article for casting.

Abstract: Provided is a control device for a link mechanism capable of preventing a damage of joint mechanisms even in the case of a collision of a movable part against an external object. The control device 30 includes: a characteristic determination unit 34 which determines desired stiffness k_cmd_i of an elastic element 5 of each joint mechanism Ji so as to be within a range of first stiffness k1_i wherein the joint maximum elastic energy is equal to or more than joint collision kinetic energy to second stiffness k2_i wherein a first time is equal to or longer than a second time; and a characteristic control unit 35 which controls stiffness k_i of the elastic element 5 of each joint mechanism Ji to be the desired stiffness k_cmd_i.