Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of lignin from lignocellulose containing material comprising treating the lignocellulose containing material prior to a chemical pulping process with a delignifying gas, wherein the gas comprises chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of improving the release of paper webs from the surface of press rolls or other paper making or converting equipment by applying to such a surface non-aqueous, non-curing hydrocarbon polymer compositions. The non-curing hydrocarbon polymers have the formula (CH3)3C—[—C(R1)(R2)—C(R3)(R4)—]n—C(R5)═C(CH3)2 (I) wherein R1 through R5 are hydrogen or —CH3, with at least one of R1 through R4 being —CH3, and n is such that the number average molecular weight of such hydrocarbon polymers is from 50 to 3000. They may be hydrogenated. Preferred non-curing hydrocarbon polymers are polybutenes of the formula (CH3)3C—[—CH2—C(CH3)2—]n—CH═C(CH3)2 (II). Preferred compositions comprise at least one such hydrocarbon polymer component having a number average molecular weight from 400 to 700 and a second such component having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 400.

Abstract: A loudspeaker in which the input resistance is improved and the effect of humidity on the playback frequency response is suppressed, and a method for the preparation of the loudspeaker. A sheet-like product, containing glass particles with a particle size of 8 nm to 300 nm and polyamide resin, and prepared by application of a paper-making technique, is used as the diaphragm. The content of the glass particles in the compound material is 5 weight % to 70 weight %. In preparing the diaphragm, a phase of an aqueous solution containing diamine and water glass is contacted with a phase of an organic solution containing a dicarboxylic acid halide to generate a compound material containing glass particles and the polyamide resin. The compound material so prepared is formed into a sheet by a paper-making technique. In the process of the preparation by the paper-making technique, the compound material mixed with other fibrous material may also be used as a starting material.

Abstract: In a papermaking process, filtering of white water containing fiber material is performed by feeding the white water to a filter on a surface of which a layer of auxiliary pulp has been formed, such that the white water is filtered through the layer of auxiliary pulp and fiber material in the white water remains in the layer of auxiliary pulp. The mixture of auxiliary pulp and fiber material is removed from the filter and is fed to a fractionating screen. The screen separates the mixture into a short-fibered pulp fraction that can be returned to the papermaking process, and a long-fibered pulp fraction that is returned to the filter where it is used as auxiliary pulp to form a layer on the filter surface.

Abstract: A system and method for feeding comminuted cellulosic fibrous material such as wood chips to the top of a treatment vessel such as a continuous digester provide enhanced simplicity, operability, and maintainability by eliminating the high pressure transfer device conventionally used in the prior art. Instead of a high pressure transfer device the steamed and slurried chips are pressurized using one or more slurry pumps located at least thirty feet below the top of the treatment vessel and for pressurizing the slurry to a pressure of at least about 10 bar gauge. A return line from the top of the digester may, but need not necessarily, be operatively connected to the one or more pumps and if connected to the pumps, the liquid in the return line may be cooled to a temperature at which it will not flash during handling. Recirculation loops may be established associated with one or all of the slurry pumps to facilitate startup.

Abstract: The strength properties of chemical cellulose pulp (particularly kraft pulp) are improved by substituting a cold impregnation soak for conventional impregnation procedures. After steaming, wood chips are soaked in an alkaline liquid at a temperature of about 80-110° C. (preferably 80-100° C., or 90-105° C.) for between one-half-72 hours (typically about 2-4 hours) at a pressure of about 0-15 bar (preferably about 1-5 bar), to dissolve at least about 8% of the wood (preferably about 10-20%) and at least about 15% of the lignin. The alkaline liquid used preferably contains sulfide (e.g. black liquor, green liquor, white liquor, or mixtures thereof), but almost any alkaline liquid having an alkali concentration of about 1.0 mole of NaOH/liter or less (typically about 0.75 m/l or less) is suitable. The wood chips are then raised to a cooking temperature of about 145-180° C. and cooked to produce the cellulose chemical pulp.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided to reduce the size of solid clumps of material and thereby permit reuse of the material. In particular, the apparatus and method allow for reuse of sediment accumulated in a storage area for paper pulping byproducts. The sediment is conveyed from the storage area to an tank. In the tank, the sediment is agitated to produce reduced-size clumps of the sediment. The reduced-size clumps are in a slurry that is capable of being burned at least one of a facility that produces paper pulp and a facility that produces paper products.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a process for making wet-layed metal fiber nonwoven sheet. The process comprises dispersing a mixture of metal fibers, wood pulp and a fibrillated material into an aqueous dispensing fluid. The amount of metal fibers dispersed generally ranges from 60 to 80 weight percent, based on the weight of solids, with the amount of wood pulp ranging from 15 to 30 weight percent and the amount of fibrillated material ranging from about 5 to 10 weight percent. The dispersed mixture in the aqueous dispensing fluid is then applied to a screen, with the aqueous dispensing fluid being removed to thereby form a metal fiber sheet.

Abstract: During the chemical process of loading with calcium carbonate fibers contained in a pulp suspension, a medium containing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is added to the pulp suspension. This treated pulp suspension is charged in at least one reactor with pure carbon dioxide (or a medium containing carbon dioxide), which, during the progression of the reaction, converts at least a significant portion of the starting materials (calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide) into the reaction products, calcium carbonate and water. This reaction is accomplished by properly controlling the pulp suspension's pH.

Abstract: This invention pertains to security paper and methods of making such security paper. The invention comprises a light-colored base paper having a non-protection area of a first thickness, and a protection area of a second thickness on at least one major surface of the base paper wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness. The base paper comprises colorant whereby the protection area exhibits a translucence when viewed using transmitted light, and exhibits the colorant as a darker color indication, relative to the non-protection area, when viewed using reflected light. Transmission of light through a combination of paper fibers and the colorant of the invention, both being disposed at the protection area, is discernibly different from transmission of light through the non-protection areas of the base paper, when viewed with a human eye.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the depositions of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. Whey proteins are added to the pulp or applied to deposition prone surfaces of a papermaking system.

Abstract: By the utilization of a jet ejector (such as a thermocompresser) in a cellulose chemical pulp mill, it is possible to effectively increase the utilization of steam. The volume of steam from a flash tank which flashes black liquor from a pulp digester may be increased (e.g. at least about 10%), while the volume and temperature of the liquor discharged from the flash tank are decreased and its concentration increased, by operatively connecting the jet ejector to the steam discharge from a flash tank. The jet ejector is supplied with higher pressure steam from another source which can result in a low pressure or partial vacuum condition in the flash tank. The flash tank may be a single flash tank or one of a series of flash tanks, and an ejector can be associated with at least another flash tank in the series.

Abstract: A binder is applied to particles which are then combined with fibers to bind the particles to the fibers. The particles have functional sites for forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond. The fibers have hydrogen bonding functional sites. The binder comprises binder molecules, the binder molecules having at least one functional group that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond with the particles, and at least one functional group that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the fibers. A substantial portion of the particles that are adhered to the fibers may be adhered in particulate form by hydrogen bonds or coordinate covalent bonds to the binder, and the binder in turn may be adhered to the fibers by hydrogen bonds. Fibers containing particles bound by this method are easily densified.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a wet-layed, nonwoven sheet which is comprised of metal fiber and metal powder. Generally, the amount of metal fiber comprises from 20 to 95% by weight and the amount of metal comprises from 5 to 80% by weight of the sheet. Such a wet-layed nonwoven sheet is economically preferable to a sheet comprised totally of metal fiber, since the metal powder is much less expensive. Among other factors, the present invention is based upon the recognition that by using various process techniques, the combination of metal fiber and metal powder can be wet-layed to obtain a structure of sufficient strength for subsequent handling and sintering.

Abstract: A procedure for arranging water circulations in an integrated paper mill, the paper making process of which having three partly separate process phases concerning the water circulations (I, II, III). In the first phase, the fiber raw material is pretreated, defibered and cleaned for producing mechanical, chemi-mechanical and recycled pulp, in the second phase the pulp is treated further for improving the quality, and in the third phase it is made into paper or board. The circulation waters of the first process phase are concentrated by circulating the filtrates of the concentration and pressing phases counter-current inside the water circulation (I), and the circulation water thus concentrated is conducted into an effluent evaporation plant to be concentrated and then burnt in a combustion boiler. The water quantity discharged from the water circulation (I) of the first process phase is replaced by conducting such circulation waters of the paper mill into the front dilution of the press.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding devices are set forth for the continuous mechanical dewatering of aqueous suspensions or elutriations, particularly of waste-paper suspensions or slurries, between an endless mesh band and an endless compression surface having a closed, smooth surface and running in the direction of operation. The suspension cake to be dewatered is compressed between the mesh band and the compression surface. The requisite pressure is achieved by wrapping the mesh band around the cylindrical compression surface under longitudinal tension, whereby the expelled water is removed from the suspension cake by means of the mesh band. Devices are provided which both increase the operational duration of the dewatering pressure of the existing mesh band on the suspension cake, and at the same time increase the pressure substantially, without obstructing the runoff of the pressed-out water. The method of the invention increases the compression pressure from about 1 bar (heretofore) to a pressure of, e.g.

Abstract: Virgin fibers or de-inked recycled fibers modified by steam explosion in the presence of certain chemicals are able to form handsheets with higher bulk while substantially retaining strength and brightness.

Abstract: The strength properties of chemical cellulose pulp (particularly kraft pulp) are improved by substituting a cold impregnation soak for conventional impregnation procedures. After steaming, wood chips are soaked in an alkaline liquid at a temperature of about 80-110° C. (preferably 80-100° C., or 90-105° C.) for between one-half-72 hours (typically about 2-4 hours) at a pressure of about 0-15 bar (preferably about 1-5 bar), to dissolve at least about 8% of the wood (preferably about 10-20%) and at least about 15% of the lignin. The alkaline liquid used preferably contains sulfide (e.g. black liquor, green liquor, white liquor, or mixtures thereof), but almost any alkaline liquid having an alkali concentration of about 1.0 mole of NaOH/liter or less (typically about 0.75 m/l or less) is suitable. The wood chips are then raised to a cooking temperature of about 145-180° C. and cooked to produce the cellulose chemical pulp.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibrids can be made by mixing together under turbulent conditions viscose and a coagulating and regenerating liquor so as to form a suspension of soft macroscopic cellulosic particles in a spent liquor, collecting the particles, and comminuting them to form the fibrids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing cellulose and a fertilizer by-product by using a closed cycle of cooking chemicals and process waters. In the process of the invention, the pulp is bleached by at least partly using potassium hydroxide as a bleaching chemical. Thus, a bleach concentrate rich in potassium is obtained from the bleach filtrate, which bleach concentrate is combined with ashes obtained from the burning of lignin and other organic matter recovered from pulp production as a by-product, in order to be used as a potash fertilizer. The bleach-concentrate can also be used as a potash fertilizer as such. The invention also relates to a potash fertilizer obtained this way.