Abstract: The invention is directed to an abrasive composition comprising an abrasive component in a liquid base component and methods of making the same. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an abrasive composition comprising water, an alcohol, a surfactant, polymer, and an abrasive and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing .beta.'-sialon comprising heating a mixture of particles comprising from 70% to 90% by weight of particles of an aluminosilicate material and from 30% to 10% by weight of particles of a carbonaceous material at a temperature in the range of from 1300.degree. C. to 1600.degree. C. in nitrogen in a vessel in a manner such that the particles are in substantially continuous motion relative to each other and relative to the nitrogen. The residence time of the particles in the vessel does not exceed 3 hours.

Abstract: An abrasive composition is provided comprising an oxidizing agent and abrasive particles which have a mean particle size of 2 .mu.m or less, wherein each of the abrasive particles comprises (i) at least one oxide selected from aluminum oxide and silicon oxide and (ii) cerium oxide in an amount of 5% to 40% by weight in terms of cerium based on the oxide (i). A method for polishing and planarizing a metal layer formed on a semiconductor substrate using the abrasive composition is also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure refers to the art of remarkably increasing the hardness of alumina materials, such as alumina abrasives, alumina ceramics or aluminum oxide single crystal (sapphire), containing aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) as the main component, or the hardness of products using the same.The alumina material is partially or wholly hardened to have a micro-Vickers hardness of no less than 2600 kgf/mm2 (under a test load of 300.times.9.807 mN) by inclusion of an oxide or fluoride additive which is solid-soluble in aluminum oxide. Preferable examples of the additive include TiO.sub.2 and/or Y.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A solid ink jet ink composition which is suitable for hot melt applications having a carrier having an electrical resistivity of at least 10.sup.8 Ohm.cm, insoluble marking particles and a particle charging agent dispersed in it. The marking particle may be a pigment, an insoluble dyestuff, a polymer or mixture thereof. The particle charging agent may be a metal soap, a fatty acid, lecithin, an organic phosphorous compound, a succinimide, a sulphosuccinate, petroleum sulphonates, a soluble or partially soluble resin such as a modified rosin ester, an acrylic, a vinyl a hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof. The solid ink jet ink composition may further include a viscosity controller. The ink may be capable of being heated to 155.degree. C. and have at that temperature a viscosity of between 5 to 150 cps.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition being characterized in that the composition contains at least Ba and Ti as metal elements, and when the formula of the composition in accordance with the mole ratios of these elements is represented by BaO.xTiO.sub.2, the composition contains the main ingredient determined by x satisfying the relationship of 3.9.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.1, and 0.01 to 7 weight parts of Cu in terms of CuO, and, if necessary, 20 or less weight parts of Zn in terms of ZnO with respect to 100 weight parts of the main ingredient, whereby the dielectric coefficient can have a value in the range of 30 to 42, and Qf can have a value of 40000 GHz or more, the temperature coefficient .pi..sub.f of the resonance frequency can have a value in the range of -15 to +15 ppm/.degree.C., and the temperature drift .DELTA..pi..sub.f of the temperature coefficient .pi..sub.f of the resonance frequency can have a value in the range of -2 to +2 ppm/.degree.C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dielectric ceramics composition which comprises 100 moles of a primary component being a barium titanate (containing less than about 0.02 wt % of alkali metal oxide as an impurity) as expressed by the compositional formula:(1-.alpha.-.beta.-.gamma.){BaO}.sub.m.TiO.sub.2 +.alpha.M.sub.2 O.sub.3 +.beta.Re.sub.2 O.sub.3 +.gamma.(Mn.sub.1-x-y Ni.sub.x Co.sub.y)O(where M.sub.2 O.sub.3 denotes Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or both, Re.sub.2 O.sub.3 denotes Sm.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3 or both, 0.0025.ltoreq..alpha.+.beta..ltoreq.0.025, 0<.beta..ltoreq.0.0075, 0.0025.ltoreq..gamma..ltoreq.0.05, .gamma./(.alpha.+.beta.).ltoreq.4, 0.ltoreq.x<1.0, 0.ltoreq.y<1.0, 0.ltoreq.x+y<1.0, and 1.0000<m.ltoreq.1.035; from about 0.5-5 moles of MgO; and, about 0.2-3 pbw per 100 pbw of primary component and MgO, said auxiliary component being an oxide represented by Li.sub.2 O--(Si,Ti)O.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --ZrO.sub.2.

Abstract: A polishing composition for chemical mechanical polishing which comprises a carboxylic acid, an oxidizing agent, and water and has pH adjusted to 5 to 9 with an alkali. In chemical mechanical polishing for obtaining a high precision surface, particularly in chemical mechanical polishing for forming a circuit layer in production of semiconductor devices, the polishing composition shows a high polishing rate, has a high selectivity for circuit materials from insulation films, forms few corrosion marks or dishing, has neutral pH, does not contain any metal components which adversely affect properties of semiconductor devices, does not require any special expensive chemical agents, and does not comprise any substances harmful for human health as the main component.

Abstract: A method for removing a resist layer includes an RIE process and a downstream microwave process, each performed such that the temperature of the wafer is no greater than about 60.degree. C. By performing these processes cold, the resist need not be pre-heated to drive off solvents. The RIE process and the microwave process can be performed sequentially or simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pigment composition having a dye and a solid resin, the dye being bound in a solid resin. The resin is produced as the reaction product from an oligomerized polyisocyanate and a mixture of polyfunctional compounds with active hydrogen.

Abstract: In a hot-melt type ink-jet recording ink composition comprising a resin, a wax and a colorant, the resin comprises an amide resin and a hydrocarbon resin, and the wax is capable of making the amide resin and the hydrocarbon resin compatible.

Abstract: Vegetable oil-based printing inks having at least about 20 poises are formulated by admixing a vegetable oil-based printing ink vehicle having an effective amount of polymerized vegetable oil and an effective amount of unpolymerized vegetable oil sufficient to provide the vegetable oil-based printing ink with a viscosity of at least about 20 poises, and an effective amount of colorant to provide the vegetable oil-based printing ink with a predetermined color. Methods for reclaiming residual vegetable oil-based printing ink from a printing press and polymerizing the vegetable oil component of the vegetable oil-based printing ink vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: Sol-gel alumina that is dried but unfired can be explosively comminuted by feeding the dried gel into a furnace held at temperatures above those at which vaporizable materials are eliminated from the particles of gel. At suitably elevated temperatures the firing is sufficient to form fully densified alpha alumina particles of a size suitable for direct use as abrasive grits.

Abstract: The glass material for treating hard surfaces by being continually hurled at high velocity against the surfaces, includes substantially particles of broken glass provided from glass parts having a thickness greater than 75/1000 of an inch, the particles having sizes as selected with mesh sieve sizes of grade 5 to grade 60, having sharp edges and having a hardness greater than 5.5 Mohs.

Abstract: A process for preparing finely divided silica by reaction of gaseous or vaporizable silicon compounds in a mixture with gases forming water on combustion with air or oxygen in a flame includes producing discharges of gas in the combustion chamber by means of at least one gas gun. The apparatus for carrying out this process has applied to the outside of the combustion chamber wall at least one gas gun which produces a discharge of gas via an opening in the combustion chamber wall, preferably in conjunction with a nozzle on the inside of the combustion chamber wall.

Abstract: The method for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention utilizes a NH.sub.3 decomposing catalyst. The NH.sub.3 decomposing catalyst in the present invention is capable of converting substantially all of the NH.sub.3 in the combustion exhaust gas to N.sub.2 when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean and the temperature of the catalyst is within a predetermined optimum temperature range. Further, when the exhaust gas contains NO.sub.x in addition to NH.sub.3, the NH.sub.3 decomposing catalyst is capable of reducing the NO.sub.x in the optimum temperature range even though the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean. In the present invention, the conditions of the exhaust gas containing NO.sub.x are adjusted before it is fed to the NH.sub.3 decomposing catalyst in such a manner that the temperature of the exhaust gas is within the optimum temperature range and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean. Further, NH.sub.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of converting the preferred hydrated alumina oxide, boehmite, into a green particle which is then sintered to form an abrasive alumina particle. The process involves dispersing boehmite in water at a slightly elevated temperature with an acidic pH, then seeding it with alumina seed particles and drying it, then crushing to desired shapes and sizes, calcining the dried precipitate and sintering the calcined. This forms a high quality alumina abrasive grains. The apparatus used for sintering incorporates an elongate hollow tube, an insulative sleeve thereabout to define an elevated temperature zone, and a microwave generator coupled through a wave guide into a microwave cavity incorporated in the tube. The particles are moved through the tube at a controlled rate to assure adequate exposure to the microwave radiation.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprising at least two oxidizing agents, an organic acid and an abrasive and a method for using the chemical mechanical polishing slurry to remove titanium, titanium nitride, and an aluminum alloy containing layer from a substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a black pigment including the step of contacting a polymer (1) containing 5 to 500 mmol of hydroxyl groups, and optionally 30 to 300 mmol of carboxyl groups per 100 g of the polymer with a carbon material (2) at a temperature of 50 to 250.degree. C. The obtained black pigment can be dispersed in a dispersion media at a high density, can be used for producing a black-hued ink, a black-hued electrodeposition coating material, a thermosetting black-hued coating material, a photocuring black-hued coating material, and a photocuring black-hued electrodeposition coating material, and is useful as a material for a black matrix of a color filter or a counterelectrode substrate for black and white display TFT array substrate.

Abstract: Substantial cost saving can be realized in a coated abrasive structure employing a plurality of layers of particulate material, if at least one of the under-layers of particles is provided by a layer of ground glass.