Abstract: When a resist film formed on a substrate is exposed in a predetermined pattern and thereafter an exposed pattern is developed, a substance capable of decreasing fluidity of the developing solution is added to the developing solution, the developing solution to which the substance is added is caused to become low-fluid under a predetermined condition, the developing solution is applied onto the exposed resist film on the substrate, and thereafter a predetermined trigger is given to the developing solution to cause the developing solution to become high-fluid so as to allow developing to progress. Thereby, line width can be made uniform and defects do not tend to occur during coating of the developing solution.

Abstract: An instant film unit advancing apparatus of reduced size, which avoids failure of a discharging film unit when a slip arises between a pair of spreading rollers and the film unit. Components to drive and support the pair of rollers and a picking claw for thrusting the film unit to a bite of the pair of rollers are arranged within the width of a film unit pack. Spreading rollers supporting means support a surface of the spreading rollers, and a driving power source unit includes a motor and a reducing gear train whose shafts are parallel to the spreading rollers. A rotating cam shaft moves the picking claw, which is also parallel to the spreading rollers, instead of a large cam plate used in conventional apparatuses. The cam shaft and a featured mechanism keep rotation of the spreading rollers independent from a cam mechanism for moving the picking claw.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a system for digital dye color film processing. In one embodiment, a developer station applies a processing solution to film to initiate development of metallic silver grains and at least one dye image within the film. A scanning system illuminates the coated film with light having at least one frequency within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light interacts with the silver and at least one dye image within the film. The scanning station measures the light from the film and produces sensor data that is communicated to a data processing system. The data processing system processes the sensor data to produce a digital image. The digital image can then be output to an output device, such as a printer, monitor, memory device, and the like.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus for a photolithographic process having a coating process and a developing process is described, which includes a first port, a second port, a coating member, and a developing member. The first port and second port have a constant distance from each other, where a substrate comes in and goes out. The coating member, which couples the first port to the second port, carries the substrate between the first port and the second port and carries out the coating process. The developing member, which couples the first port to the second port and is stacked on the coating member, carries the substrate therebetween and carries out the developing process. The apparatus can stably maintain an operating ratio of equipment, and be installed in a relatively small area.

Abstract: Continuous photo film includes a support of resin film having a back surface. A photosensitive layer of photographic emulsion is disposed on a surface of the support opposite to the back surface. A conveying roller conveys the continuous photo film. The conveying roller includes a roller body of metal. A hardness reinforcer layer is formed on a surface of the roller body by thermal spraying of ceramic or cermet, so that the roller body surface is prevented from being scratched or ground by the back surface of the film.

Abstract: A corona generating device for depositing negative charge on an imaging surface carried on a conductive substrate comprises at least one elongated conductive corona discharge electrode, means to connect the electrode to a corona generating potential source, at least one element adjacent the corona discharge electrode capable of absorbing nitrogen oxide species generated once the corona generating is energized and capable of desorbing nitrogen oxide species once that electrode is not energized, the element being coated with a substantially continuous thin conductive dry film of aluminum hydroxide. In a preferred embodiment, the conductive corona discharge electrode comprises a scorotron with at least one linear array of pin coronodes where the corona control grid is coated with the substantially continuous thin conductive dry film of aluminum hydroxide.

Abstract: A mark detecting apparatus for a micro-roll film including one photoelectric element for detecting marks of different sizes provided on one edge portion of a micro-roll film for respective frames of the film, a pulse generating unit which generates pulses by radial slits formed in a disc adapted to be driven for rotation by contacting the micro-roll film, and a mark size judging circuit which counts the pulses produced from the pulse generating unit during the photoelectric element for the mark is detecting the mark of the film for judging the size of the mark by the counted value.

Abstract: A blackened optical system includes a transparent substrate having a front side provided with at least a pair of elongate ribs forming therebetween an elongate groove. An amount of optically black discrete particles for absorbing visible ambient light is disposed in the groove. The particle amount is contained within the groove by means of a skin which extends between the ribs and over the groove.

Abstract: A copying apparatus comprises an optical lens, drive means for driving the optical lens, and control means for controlling the drive means. The control means changes over the output of the drive means in accordance with the distance of movement of the optical lens.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying machine comprises a device for detecting the size of a copy document on a document table. The device comprises a light receiving element. The light receiving element is responsive to the lying of a copy document on a document table for providing document size signals. A control circuit is responsive to the document size signals for calculating the size of the copy document.

Abstract: A projection screen comprises a single plate of a transparent material. The diffusion in the horizontal direction is provided by filamentary particles which are oriented substantially in one direction in the plate material. Both surfaces of the plate are then capable of performing different functions, yielding a projection screen with an optimally uniform brightness distribution, minimal color faults and maximum contrast.

Abstract: A light source for providing controllable illumination having the red, green, and blue components in selected intensity proportion, uses a lamp/filter assembly which projects light through a diffusing plate into a mixing chamber from the output end of which mixed light is emitted for illuminating photographic paper through a negative. The chamber is rectilinear, and the red and green lamps project toward opposite corners while the blue lamp projects along the axis of the chamber. A light pipe which has an input end facing the output end of the chamber extends into the chamber and extracts light which is processed in red, green, and blue channels having temperature stabilized phototransducer circuitry and control circuitry wherein signals corresponding to the intensity of the color components are processed in the channels and are modified by control signals which can be produced in the photo printer control computer.

Abstract: A Biorythms analog computer-calendar is provided to display without computations the level of the physical, the emotional, and the intellectual biorythms of a human body. The level of the three biorythms appears on display in analog and digital forms for any dialed calendar date, if the computer-calendar is set initially with the individual's birth date. The analog elements used to register the three biorythm levels are drums attached to gears with a number of teeth equal or proportional to 23, 28 and 33, or to the period of the three biorythms respectively. A calendar arrangement is introduced to create a correlation between the displayed biorythm levels and the calendar date associated with them.

Abstract: An exposure light source device wherein a control circuit 1 controls a light source for emitting pulse lights, with respect to the member of light emissions and the amount of light emitted at each time. The light source device is particularly useful for color additive type photographic color enlarger. When the device is used in such an enlarger, the number of light emission and each emitted light amount is determined such that the exposure time is approximately the same regardless of the total amount of exposure.

Abstract: A film mask handling device is disclosed herein having a base supporting a positive image slide in a mount or frame and a film mask carrying a negative image thereof in close fixed spaced apart relationship. Adhesive strips are carried on a pivotal and laterally movable yoke that initially aligns with and picks up the film mask for subsequent indexing with and attachment to the mount or frame via the adhesive strips so that the negative image on the mask is in registry with the positive image on the slide. A vacuum system is operably provided in the base for releasably holding the film mask and adhesive strips in relative positions during alignment and registry procedures. Controls are provided for sequentially releasing and picking up of the mask and strips respectively during the aforementioned procedures.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a shelf structure, an exposure base and a movable frame. The shelf structure receives a plurality of palettes on which filmy bodies, such as mask films, are placed. Each palette can be moved vertically together with a partition plate, and it can be moved on the upper surface of the exposure base when it is made flush with the surface as the exposure base abuts on the shelf structure. Each palette is provided with a recession and a notch on its front end for abutting engagement with pins on the exposure base in order to achieve an automatic positioning. The movable frame is allowed to move only vertically and provided with hangers each having a sucking disk for attracting a filmy body. A mask film, sheets of original patterns and a raw film are successively stacked on the exposure base by virtue of vertical movements of the frame and reciprocation of the palettes on the exposure base. A light source for exposure is installed within the exposure base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for simultaneously printing and developing photographs, of the type essentially comprising three main assemblies, namely, respectively:a first exposure assembly A,a second assembly B in camera obscura;a third developing assembly C,characterized in that the cutting part of the fixed knife defines on the light-sensitive paper the part exposed by the light beam issuing from the lens.

Abstract: A stereoscopic projecting apparatus has a polyhedral prism and two types of polarizing filters which are arranged at the incident (or emerging) planes of the prism and which have orthogonal deflecting directions. Left and right-eye pictures are alternately formed on the consecutive frames of a cinefilm. The cinefilm is driven in such a way as to cross the projection region of light emitted from a lamp. An optical image transmitted from the cinefilm is projected onto a screen by the polyhedral prism, through a relay lens, a projection lens or the like. The left and right-eye images are deflected in directions 90.degree. apart from each other, by the polarizing filters at the respective incident or emerging planes of the prism. A viewer can stereoscopically observe the image superimposed on the screen, using polarized viewing glasses having polarized lenses deflected in the deflecting directions of the images.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus such as a copying machine has an image forming section including an optical system, an AE mode selection key for setting the automatic density adjustment mode, UP and DOWN keys for manually adjusting the density level, an interruption selection key, a control circuit including a microcomputer for setting a standard density level in the automatic density adjustment mode, and a display for displaying the selected density adjustment mode. Depression of the AE mode selection key for the first time sets the automatic density adjustment mode, and depression of this key for the second time releases the automatic density adjustment mode. The apparatus can reproduce copies of optimal quality for different types of original.

Abstract: When a photographic film is to be printed, it is necessary to remove such defocused photographic images which are caused by improper focusing. In this invention, transmittivity or transmission density of an image recorded on photographic film is measured consecutively by scanning it with two photometric systems having different measuring areas, and a defocused photographic image is detected from the relation between the measured distribution of the difference between two measured values in the transmittivity and the contrast values which is obtained by totalling local contrasts measured all over the photographic film.