Abstract: Compounds of the following formula are suitable for reducing the interfacial surface tension of oily phases with respect to water: ##STR1## wherein z is 1 or 2,R, for z=1, is alkyl, aralkyl, or alkylaryl of 8-22 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, or hydroxyalkyl of 2-22 carbon atoms, and, for z=2, is (aryl)alkylene of 4-18 carbon atoms,R' and R" each independently is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl wherein R' and R" are not simultaneously hydrogen and R' and R" together have 8-20 total carbon atoms,x is 10-40 andy is 1.2-5.

Abstract: Perfumed compositions include, as an odorant therefor, an olfactory affecting amount of N,N-diethyl-2-ethylhexanamide.

Abstract: An improved detergent composition containing as essential ingredients:(a) a surface active agent;(b) alkali metal carbonates; and(c) water-soluble inorganic aluminum compounds.

Abstract: It is known to prepare olefin sulphonates by neutralizing olefin sulphonation products with dilute aqueous bases. This invention provides a method of preparing more concentrated solutions of certain olefin sulphonates by determining the position of the viscosity minimum which occurs at concentrations above the critical limit where gel formation is normally observed and which corresponds to the formation of a `G` phase, and reacting the olefin sulphonation product with the base in the presence of sufficient water to provide a product having a concentration corresponding substantially to this minimum.

Abstract: A detergent composition possessing low toxicity and excellent washing power which comprises an anionic and/or nonionic surfactant having incorporated thereinto an imido-bis-sulfate and an aluminosilicate.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid composition comprising polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol dialkyl ether, borate ester of polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, has improved viscosity characteristics, is water-insensitive and is suitable as a central system hydraulic fluid and brake fluid.

Abstract: The autoxidation of aqueous detergent slurries containing major quantities of nonionic surfactant during spray-drying is inhibited by the use of a charge-transfer agent. The charge-transfer agent may be a charge-transfer acceptor or a charge-transfer donor or a precursor of either of these. The agent may be present in an amount of from 0.05 to 2% by weight and the nonionic surfactant in an amount of 3% or more by weight based on the weight of the fully formulated detergent powder. The preferred charge-transfer agent is potassium iodide.

Abstract: The process for the preparation of a surfactant mixture containing sucrose mono- and di-esters, by reacting a starting mixture including solid particulate sucrose, at least one triglyceride of a fatty acid having at least 8 carbon atoms and a basic transesterification catalyst, at a temperature of from 110.degree. to 140.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure and in the absence of any solvent, is improved by using a starting mixture which:(a) contains a di and/or mono-glyceride in an amount to provide a hydroxyl value of greater than 500 mg KOH/100g of starting mixture;(b) contains at least 10% by weight of a fatty acid soap in addition to the basic transesterification catalyst, at least 50% by weight of the soap being potassium soap, and(c) (when the soap content is less than 20% by weight) contains at least 25% by weight of sucrose.The improved process gives good yields in much shorter reaction times and the products have high HLB values.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of washing powders of stabilized or enhanced appearance which contain a fluorescent whitening agent of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or alkoxy, X.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl and M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium ion. The stabilizing or enhancement of the appearance is effected by first dissolving or dispersing the fluorescent whitening agent in a mixture of water and a polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone which is soluble or is able to swell in water, adding this solution or dispersion to the washing powder slurry and drying the slurry. The solution or dispersion can also be subsequently sprayed onto the dried residual washing powder. The appearance can be further enhanced by employing a polyethylene glycol, a surfactant containing ethyleneoxy and/or propyleneoxy groups, and/or a cellulose ether, in addition to the polymer in the solution or dispersion.

Abstract: Heavy duty detergent compositions, particularly for imparting improved softness and detersive effects to fabrics laundered therewith, said composition including in addition to conventional builder and principally anionic surfactant components, fatty acid soap, and cationic softener of the di-lower-di-higher alkyl quaternary ammonium and/or heterocyclic imide type, e.g., imidazolinium, the weight ratio of soap to softener being about 8:1 to 1:3 preferably 5:1 to 1:2, more preferably 3:2:2:3, e.g. about unity. The soap in the form of a spaghetti, flake, or other shape and is present in the product composition as substantially homogeneously dispersed, discrete particles.

Abstract: Gelation and setting of desirably miscible and pumpable crutcher slurries of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate in an aqueous medium are prevented by addition to such medium of a small proportion of citric acid and/or water soluble citrate. The addition of the particular gelation preventive material lengthens the workable crutching time to up to four hours, from times as little as a minute or less.

Abstract: Decorated soap and method for producing the same. The decorated soap comprises a cake of soap, a synthetic resin layer formed on one side surface of said soap, a release layer having a printed layer representing a desired pattern of designs and/or characters and an adhesive layer which joins the synthetic resin layer to the release layer. The above method comprises the steps of: (a) forming a synthetic resin layer on one side surface of soap to be treated, (b) forming a release layer on a backing film, reversely printing a desired pattern to the release layer and forming an adhesive layer on the printed release layer, thereby preparing a transfer sheet, (c) bringing the adhesive layer of transfer sheet into contact with the synthetic resin layer of soap to join the transfer sheet to the synthetic resin layer under heat and pressure, and (d) peeling only the backing film of transfer sheet from the above joined product.

Abstract: Spandex filaments are provided with decreased tackiness by effective amounts of soap dispersed within the filaments. The soap is a metal salt of a fatty acid, the metal being calcium, lithium or magnesium and the fatty acid being a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Stearates are preferred.

Abstract: A method and compositions for pre-laundering treatment of fabrics for stain removal are disclosed. The compositions comprise 25-100% of an ester of a short chain alcohol and a fatty acid and 0-75% of a surfactant.

Abstract: Cured epoxy compositions are removed from substrates by employing compositions containing an organic cyclic alcohol and a surface-active agent.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide bleach compositions which are more active than existing bleach compositions and free from environmental and commercial objections thereto comprise as bleaching agent a ferric complex of an alkyliminodiacetic acid the alkyl group of which may be substituted. The bleach solutions may further comprise a silver halide solvent thus rendering them bleach-fix solutions.

Abstract: Granular built detergent compositions having good textile softening and cleaning properties comprise a nonionic surfactant, a cationic textile softening agent, a detergent builder and an optical brightener of the 4,4'bis (triazinylamino) stilbene 2,2' sulphonic acid type in a zwitterionic form having a low rate of solution in an aqueous medium of pH 9 at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A shampoo-creme rinse composition for improving the combing properties and luster of hair which comprises a single phase aqueous detergent composition containing an amphoteric detergent and an anionic detergent and a cationic derivative of a 3-(trimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl guar chloride salt.

Abstract: A fragrance dispersant composition for dispersing fragrance oil in an aqueous hard surface cleanser comprising a mixture of N(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide, anionic surfactant capable of mixing with said N(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide to form a homogeneous solution, and fragrance oil. The fragrance dispersant composition may be mixed with water and one or more detergents to formulate an aqueous hard surface cleanser.

Abstract: .Iadd.Removing iron oxide scale or a mixture of iron oxide scale and hardness scale from a metal surface by contacting said scale with an aqueous solution containing at least one of an ammonium, amine, or hydroxyalkylamine salt of nitrilotriacetic acid, N-2, -hydroxyethylaminodiacetic acid, or alkylenepolyamine polycarboxylic acid at a pH of 8 to 11. .Iaddend.