Abstract: The solar cell includes a substrate having electrode regions and non-electrode regions defined alternatively, where a surface of the electrode regions has a first surface structure, a surface of the non-electrode regions has a second surface structure, the first surface structure has a smaller roughness than the second surface structure, and the second surface structure includes multiple first protrusion structures. The solar cell further includes a tunneling dielectric layer, and a first doped conductive layer arranged on the tunneling dielectric layer. The solar cell further includes a passivation layer arranged on the non-electrode regions and the first doped conductive layer and a first electrode arranged in the electrode regions. The first electrode penetrates the passivation layer to be in electrical contact with the first doped conductive layer.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery pack, which can include a plurality of battery cells arranged along a longitudinal direction and a width direction of the battery pack, and a bus bar assembly disposed at one side of the plurality of battery cells and configured to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells. The bus bar assembly includes a connection bus bar connected in series and in parallel to adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and a fusing portion formed in the connection bus bar and configured to block an electrical connection of a battery cell in which an abnormal situation occurs in both serial and parallel connection directions from among the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar energy utilization apparatus, comprising a liquid light-condensing unit (100), a light energy utilization unit (200) and a reflection groove (300), wherein the light energy utilization unit (200) has a first light energy utilization part (210) and a second light energy utilization part (220), and the liquid light-condensing unit (100) has a light-receiving surface larger than the width of the first light energy utilization part (210) and/or the second light energy utilization part (220), and can receive more sunlight. The liquid light-condensing unit (100) is filled with a transparent liquid (130), and sunlight can be transmitted through a transparent wall of the liquid light-condensing unit (100) and into the transparent liquid (130), and then form a total reflection phenomenon.

Abstract: Electroplating of aluminum may be utilized to form electrodes for solar cells. In contrast to expensive silver electrodes, aluminum allows for reduced cell cost and addresses the problem of material scarcity. In contrast to copper electrodes which typically require barrier layers, aluminum allows for simplified cell structures and fabrication steps. In the solar cells, point contacts may be utilized in the backside electrodes for increased efficiency. Solar cells formed in accordance with the present disclosure enable large-scale and cost-effective deployment of solar photovoltaic systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electricity via thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is described. High efficiency is obtained by introducing a material into a combustion chamber that emits bright near-monochromatic visible light upon heating. This light is then directed to fall on an array of photovoltaic (PV) cells which convert the light to electricity. Heat and infrared radiation that is not absorbed by the PV cells is returned to the combustion chamber to further improve conversion efficiency.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery pack, which can include a plurality of battery cells arranged along a longitudinal direction and a width direction of the battery pack, and a bus bar assembly disposed at one side of the plurality of battery cells and configured to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells. The bus bar assembly includes a connection bus bar connected in series and in parallel to adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and a fusing portion formed in the connection bus bar and configured to block an electrical connection of a battery cell in which an abnormal situation occurs in both serial and parallel connection directions from among the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element (40), comprising a dielectric substrate (100) having a hole (120), wherein the hole has a first opening on a first side of the dielectric substrate and a second opening on a second side of the dielectric substrate; a first metallisation pad (111) and a second metallisation pad (112) on the first side, wherein the first opening is between the first metallisation pad and the second metallisation pad; a planar thermoelectric layer (101) above the hole, wherein the planar thermoelectric layer has an interface with the first metallisation pad and an interface with the second metallisation pad, wherein both interfaces are in the same plane.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for forming one or more thermoelectric devices integrated within a substrate of an integrated circuit. Backside substrate processing may be used to form adjacent portions of the substrate that are doped with alternating dopant types (e.g., n-type dopants alternating with p-type dopants). The substrate can then be etched to form pillars of the various n-type and p-type portions. Adjacent pillars of opposite dopant type can be electrically connected together via a conductive layer. Additionally, the top portions of adjacent pillars are connected together, and the bottom portions of a next pair of adjacent pillars being coupled together, in a repeating pattern to ensure that current flows through the length of each of the doped pillars. The flow of current through alternating n-type and p-type doped material creates a heat flux that transfers heat from one end of the integrated thermoelectric device to the other end.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar energy utilization apparatus and a combined structure thereof. The solar energy utilization apparatus comprises a transparent top cover, a reflection groove and a light energy utilization unit. The transparent top cover is provided with a first transparent part recessed inward and a second transparent part protruding upward from the recess of the first transparent part; and based on such structure, sunlight reflected and refracted to the outer side of the transparent top cover can be re-refracted from other regions to the inner side of the transparent top cover, thereby improving the quantity of light refracted into the transparent top cover.

Abstract: A battery frame includes a pair of flat spring plates, a pair of pressing plates, and connecting members connecting the pair of flat spring plates. Each of the flat spring plates includes first regions and a second region. The second region is located inward of the first regions in the stacking direction of a battery cell stack. The connecting members are attached to the flat spring plates via the first regions, and the pressing plates are attached to the flat spring plates via the second regions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solar cell that includes a first layer that includes a semiconductor and a second layer that includes at least one of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, a fluoride, and/or a sulfide, where the second layer covers a surface of the first layer, the second layer has a thickness between about 400 nm and about 10 ?m, and the solar cell retains at least 95% of a starting power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) after exposure to a proton fluence of about 1E15 cm?2 for protons having an energy between greater than zero KeV per proton and less than or equal to 0.05 KeV per proton.

Abstract: The present invention involves a single-axis solar tracker and its drive system having a balanced crank-throw design for mounting photovoltaic panels, and in turn eliminating the need for an underlying traditional mounting bracket, mounting pivot, and/or torque tube. Each photovoltaic panel row rotates about one common rotation axis, while photovoltaic panels are segmented into discrete subsets mounted to simple fixed support bars extended away from the row's central rotation axis in a horizontally opposed crank-throw configuration. The drive mechanism has at least one rotary actuator within or at one or more ends of the row, such as an enclosed stepper slew motor, whose rotation axis defines the common rotational axis of the row.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-transmitting perovskite solar cell, which has a first package layer, a first light-transmitting electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a light absorbing layer, a second carrier transport layer, a second light-transmitting electrode layer, and a second package layer. The first light-transmitting electrode layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first package layer. The first carrier transport layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first light-transmitting electrode layer. The light absorbing layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first carrier transport layer. The second carrier transport layer is disposed on an upper surface of the light absorbing layer. The second light-transmitting electrode layer is disposed on an upper surface of the second carrier transport layer. The second package layer is disposed on an upper surface of the second light-transmitting electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photovoltaic module including an encapsulation part, a plurality of solar cells disposed in the encapsulating part such that angles thereof with respect to a height direction of the encapsulation part is 30 degrees to 90 degrees, and impact absorption parts disposed between the plurality of solar cells in the encapsulation part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible thermoelectric device that may be combined and attached to a curved surface and generates an electromotive force based on a temperature difference between one surface and the other surface, and more particularly, to a flexible thermoelectric device having a radiative cooling part which improves power generation performance by increasing cooling efficiency of a cooling side through radiative cooling and minimizes a volume of a heat dissipating part, and a method of manufacturing a radiative cooling part.

Abstract: A thermoelectric device includes: a sheet-like or plate-like thermoelectric conversion film including a thermoelectric conversion element formed with a material exhibiting an anomalous Nernst effect; and a catalyst portion formed with a catalyst that reacts with a fluid the catalyst portion being on the side of at least a first surface of the thermoelectric conversion film and facing a flow path of the fluid.

Abstract: Exemplary thermoelectric devices and methods are disclosed herein. Thermoelectric generator performance is increased by the shaping isothermal fields within the bulk of a thermoelectric pellet, resulting in an increase in power output of a thermoelectric generator module. In one embodiment, a thermoelectric device includes a pellet comprising a semiconductor material, a first metal layer surrounding a first portion of the pellet, and a second metal layer surrounding a second portion of the pellet. The first and second metal layers are configured proximate to one another about a perimeter of the pellet. The pellet is exposed at the perimeter. And the perimeter is configured at a sidewall height about the pellet to provide a non-linear effect on a power output of the thermoelectric device by modifying an isotherm surface curvature within the pellet. The device also includes a metal container thermally and electrically bonded to the pellet.

Abstract: A lead-free solar cell includes a fullerene layer and contains an electron transport layer (ETL) comprising fullerene (C60) and a binder, a back metal contact layer including gold (Au), a hole transport layer (HTL) including copper oxide (Cu2O), an inorganic absorber layer including rubidium germanium iodide (RbGeI3), a perovskite absorber layer including methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3), and a front contact layer including indium tin oxide (ITO). The layers are in the following order: the back metal contact layer, the hole transport layer, the inorganic absorber layer, the perovskite absorber layer, the electron transport layer and the front contact layer. The solar cell achieves a current density (Jsc) of greater than or equal to 20 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA/cm2) at an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.94 volts (V).

Abstract: In multijunction photovoltaic cells, such as for example tandem solar cells having a top sub-cell and a crystalline silicon based bottom sub-cell, efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is limited mainly by the junction between a top sub-cell and a bottom sub-cell of the multijunction photovoltaic cell. A multijunction photovoltaic cell of this disclosure at least partially overcomes this drawback because it has an intermediate layer of silicon nitride deposited in a conformal manner with a thickness of between 1 and 10 nm so as to define a P-N tunnel junction between the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell. A related fabrication process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lead-free solar cell includes, in the following order, a back metal contact layer including gold (Au), a hole transport layer (HTL) including copper oxide (Cu2O), an inorganic absorber layer including rubidium germanium iodide (RbGeI3), a perovskite absorber layer including methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3), an electron transport layer (ETL) including C60, and a front contact layer including indium tin oxide (ITO). The solar cell achieves a current density (Jsc) of greater than or equal to 20 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA/cm2) at an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.94 volts (V).