Abstract: A portable test kit for testing electrical and mechanical operation of a locomotive includes one multi-pin connector for connecting to an MU connector on a locomotive. The multi-pin connector is wired in the test kit to a plurality of indicator lights and a plurality of multi-position switches. The lights provide a visual indication of signal presence at the MU connector. The switches enable commands to be placed on the train line through the MU connector to determine if the locomotive is responsive to train line signals. A governor connector and associated indicator lights monitor signals from the locomotive governor system. A plurality of galvanometers are mounted in the kit with corresponding connection jacks for connection to selected points in the locomotive system for simultaneous monitoring of circuit performance. At least a pair of rheostats are connected to the MU connector for controlling loading on selected train line conductors.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the distance from a measuring station to a fault on a transmission line based on a fault model of a transmission network while taking into consideration the zero-sequence impedance and, where assuming a fault current, while taking into consideration the feeding of fault current to the fault point from both ends of the transmission line (FIG. 3 ).

Abstract: A network-under-test of a device is tested relative to other networks of the device by probing the network-under-test with a probe; generating a voltage which is applied across the network-under-test via the probe for developing a transient voltage between the network-under-test and the other networks of the device for stressing leakage resistance between the network-under-test and the other networks; and determining if the stressed leakage resistance is acceptable for determining integrity of the network-under-test relative to the other networks of the device.

Abstract: A stylus assembly in which a stylus is mounted in a housing for movement relative thereto. An electrical circuit is provided for sensing contact of the stylus with a writing surface and measuring the pressure exerted on the surface by the stylus.

Abstract: A LAN cable identifier for testing and identifying copper-conductor LAN cables in conjunction with a LAN cable test instrument is provided. Series combinations of resistors and diodes allow for both resistance measurements and polarity determinations for selected pairs of conductors of the LAN cable. Resistance values are chosen to allow for identification of each combination in order to diagnose wiring errors and to identify the particular LAN cable identifier. In addition, capacitance measurements are accommodated with minimal contribution to measurement error by careful orientation of the resistors and diodes so that the diodes may be reverse biased by a d.c. bias voltage provided by the LAN cable test instrument. The reverse biased diode junctions contribute only a small amount of shunt capacitance to the measurement.

Abstract: An arc detector for detecting potentially hazardous arcing in electrical connections comprises detection and signal processing circuitry for monitoring high-frequency noise characteristic of arcing on the power line and distinguishable from other sources of high-frequency noise.

Abstract: An arc detector or detecting potentially hazardous arcing in electrical connections comprises detection and signal processing circuitry for monitoring high-frequency noise on the power line characteristic of arcing and distinguishable from other sources of high-frequency noise. If high-frequency noise is present and a gap is detected at intervals synchronous to the power frequency, arcing is determined to be present, and an alarm is given.

Abstract: Failure of one or more battery cells, for example of an inverter battery bank, is detected by monitoring the second derivative of the curve U(t) representative of the voltage U at the terminals of the battery in the course of discharge. If the second derivative is positive, this is significant of a failure.

Abstract: Electrostatic imaging apparatus comprises a plurality of electrostatic radiators and a signal generator for driving the radiators to produce an electrostatic field having characteristics modifiable by the presence of an object within the field. The field characteristics are detected and processed to produce output signals representative of a surface profile of the object.

Abstract: A device for detecting the presence of an electric current in a conductor having a elongate hollow tubular body defining a handle, an electrically conductive blade having a sharpened edge attached to and extending from one end of the handle, an electric lamp visibly housed within the handle and electrically connected to the blade and a ground wire electrically connected to the lamp and including a clamp for secured attachment to a ground. The sharpened edge of the blade is specifically structured and disposed for cutting through the insulation of a wire conductor for conductive contact therewith whereupon the presence of an electric current through the conductor will illuminate the lamp in the handle of the device.

Abstract: A system for continuously monitoring electrical conduction of an AC power system comprises at least one measuring module connected between two conductors of the power system. A measuring cycle is divided into two periods. During the first period, the module measures a first DC voltage component, representative of the stray DC components, applied to its terminals. During the second period, the measuring module inputs a DC current component to the power system and measures a second DC component of the voltage applied to its terminals. The difference between the second and first components is used to detect a conduction fault, the line resistance upline from the measuring module being proportional to this difference. The first and second components are obtained by computing the mean value, weighted if necessary, of DC voltage samples measured during measuring periods of a duration lower than or equal to the first and second periods.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring the mixture ratio of liquids, particularly of fuel mixtures, comprises a measuring cell, which has a cavity with one inlet and one outlet. The liquid is directed through the cavity, whereby regions of the inner wall of the cavity are electrically conductive and, together with at least one additional electrically conductive surface, form a capacitor, which is a component of an evaluation circuit. The measuring cell is manufactured from at least two ceramic carriers, which are connected by way of at least one connection layer to form a layer arrangement. The cavity is produced between the ceramic carriers as the result of the lack of at least one connection layer in certain regions. In each case, at least one electrode is applied, in the vicinity of the cavity, to the ceramic carrier delimiting the cavity using thick-film technology.

Abstract: A process for detecting arc discharges in power cables connecting power supply board and at least one equipment rack, the power supply board including circuit breakers operable at a preset current level, said arc discharge occurring at a fraction of said current level. After the arc discharge is detected, a signal representing the presence of the arc discharge is supplied to a power supply control, and a control signal is provided by the power supply control to cause said at least one circuit breaker to open interrupting supply of power to an affected power cable.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a metallic anode electrode and a metallic athode electrode substantially immersed in an electrolyte. As charge or current is passed through the cell from the anode electrode to the cathode electrode, the anode electrode is consumed and the cathode electrode plated, causing the resistance therebetween to change. The change in resistance provides a measure f or both the total charge passed through the cell over an interval of time, and for the total time charge flowed through the cell over an interval of time between resistance measurements.

Abstract: A single sideband noise figure of a device under test is determined from double sideband measurements. A noise measurement system is provided, which includes a noise source, a mixer, a local oscillator, and a tunable intermediate frequency receiver. Three independent measurements are performed (one with the local oscillator frequency on the high side of the RF measurement frequency, another with the local oscillator frequency on the low side of the RF measurement frequency, and the third with the local oscillator frequency at the RF measurement frequency and the intermediate frequency at twice its former frequency). These noise power measurements are combined in such a way as to cancel the unwanted sidebands. Preferably, three output noise power measurements are also performed during a calibration so that the subsequent measurements are corrected for impedance mismatch errors.

Abstract: In an apparatus for testing cable (comprising a metallic core jacketed by insulation) to detect localized defects on the insulation caused by its carbonization, the cable is moved in an axial path through an array of five ring electrodes radially spaced from that path and spaced from each other along the path by axial gaps. The first and fifth electrodes from left to right are grounded while high voltage circuits supply current to the middle three electrodes at DC voltages which causes (a) the second and fourth electrode, and (b) the third electrode to be positive and negative, respectively, relative to ground, and which voltages are high enough to produce flow of charge through the atmosphere adjacent the electrodes, and between the electrodes and the moving cable.

Abstract: A trailer lamp testing and lamp storage apparatus is provided for connecting to an electrical connector of a trailer, wherein the electrical connector of the trailer has a predetermined number of contacts for a predetermined number of lamp circuits in the trailer. The lamp testing and storage apparatus includes a housing assembly which includes a bottom housing portion, a hinge assembly connected to the bottom housing portion, and a lid assembly connected to the hinge assembly. A storage assembly, supported by the housing assembly, is provided for storing a number of replacement lamps for replacing burned out lamps in the trailer. The lamp testing and storage apparatus also includes a predetermined number of battery-powered testing circuits and a connector assembly for receiving respective ends of the predetermined number of testing circuits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for verifying the condition of an electrical insulator which is placed between two live conducting elements which are separated by the insulator. The insulator has a continuous electrically insulating core that may be covered with other types of insulating material. The insulator may also be a lightening arrester consisting of stacked insulating discs. An electric field detecting apparatus is positioned at a plurality of locations along the insulator to measure the intensity of an electric field created along the insulator. At each location a detected signal value of the electric field is stored within the apparatus and all of these signals are analyzed to detect deviations from expected values of the electric field and indicative of a fault(s) along the insulator.

Abstract: A device for testing a multi-terminal electrical service receptacle on a towing vehicle includes an electrically insulative body of elongated shape having forward and rearward faces. Electrical contacts are disposed in the forward face to engage the terminals of the receptacle. Light-emitting devices such as bulbs are disposed in the rearward face, and are connected by way of electrical conductors to the corresponding contacts in the forward surface. During use of the device, the illumination of a particular light signifies the validity of the corresponding electrical circuit involving features of the towing vehicle.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the resistance of a programmed antifuse in an integrated circuit is integrated on the same integrated circuit as the antifuse and is controlled by a programming circuit disposed on an integrated circuit and comprises a first voltage sensing transistor having a first drain/source electrically connected to a first I/O pad, a gate electrically connected to the programming circuit, and a second drain/source electrically connected to a first electrode of the antifuse, and a second voltage sensing transistor having a first drain/source electrically connected to a second I/O pad, a gate electrically connected to the programming circuit, and a second drain/source electrically connected to a second electrode of the antifuse.