Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes a stator having axially spaced pole pieces and windings which when energized cause adjacent pole pieces to have opposite magnetic polarity. An armature surrounds the stator and is of tubular form having a smooth internal surface. The exterior surface of the armature is machined such that at least at one end of the pole pitch distance of the stator the thickness of the armature is such that magnetic saturation of the material forming the armature occurs so that the lines of force between the armature and the pole piece extend in a direction inclined to the axis of the armature thereby resulting in a force acting to cause axial movement of the armature.

Abstract: A two-part pile or probe device in which the parts can be moved relative to one another by a jacking mechanism. In operation, one of the two parts is made anodic to grip the material in which the device is to be moved, the other is made cathodic to encourage slip and the jacking mechanism is used to urge the cathodic part through the material against the anchoring action of the anodic part. The polarity of the two parts is then reversed and the process repeated to move the previously anodic part. In this way the device can be made to move through the material in a series of discrete steps as first one part and then the other is forced through the material by the jacking mechanism.

Abstract: A shaded pole motor having a shading loop or band that fits with an interference fit adjacent the field plate stack of laminations at the location thereon adjacent the field winding, but having ample clearance space from the stack adjacent the ends of the stack; whereby an epoxy coating can be used to insulate the stack and shading loop from the windings. The shading loop adjacent the ends of the stack further projects well beyond the ends of the stack distances comparable to the breadth of the winding, whereby the winding is mechanically constrained on the stack in part by the shading loop.