Abstract: Described are 5?-cyclo-phosphonate modified nucleotides, and oligonucleotides, such as interference (RNAi) agents, containing 5?-cyclo-phosphonate modified nucleotides. The RNAi agents having either double-stranded or single-stranded oligonucleotides described herein comprising 5?cyclo-phosphonate modified nucleotides are useful in modulating gene expression as well as therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, and genomic discovery applications. The RNAi agents and single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides comprising 5?-cyclo-phosphonate modified nucleotides are useful in the treatment of diseases or conditions that respond to inhibition of gene expression or activity in a cell, tissue, or organism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, at least one omega-3 fatty acid, and at least one nucleotide. It also relates to the new composition for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases, ailments, dysfunctions, or alterations of the skin, preferably atopic dermatitis. The composition may be in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, food supplement, functional food, or medical food.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleoside 5?-triphosphates modified at the ?, (?, and/or ? phosphate to substitute one or more of the phosphate oxygen atoms with a borano, seleno, and/or thio group. Derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also contemplated herein. Also disclosed are processes for preparing nucleoside 5?-triphosphates. Non-limiting, exemplary processes can include first reacting salicyl phosphorochloridite with a pyrophosphate reagent to provide P2, P3-dioxo-P1-(salicyl) cyclotriphosphite, and then reacting P2, P3-dioxo-P1-(salicyl) cyclotriphosphite with a nucleoside, followed by oxidation of the nucleoside-phosphite intermediate and hydrolysis to form the modified nucleoside 5?-triphosphate. Nucleoside 5?-triphosphates can be useful in nucleic acid replication, transcription, and translation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of treating a tumor/cancer by administering naltrexone or an analogue thereof, followed by a recovery phase, and then administering a small molecule signaling inhibitor such as PI3-kinase inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, taxanes, antimetabolites, alkylating agents and/or cell cycle inhibitors. The disclosure also provides diagnostic methods for assessing a therapeutic response to the methods of treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an application of triacetyl-3-hydroxyphenyladenosine represented by formula (I) in preventing or treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The triacetyl-3-hydroxyphenyladenosine can significantly reduce the levels of serum AST, ALT and TG, significantly improve liver functions, and alleviate liver steatosis. The invention provides significant curative effects for preventing or treating non-alcoholic fatty liver and has limited toxic side effects.

Abstract: Methods for processing polynucleotide-containing biological samples, and materials for capturing polynucleotide molecules such as RNA and/or DNA from such samples. The RNA and/or DNA is captured by polyamindoamine (PAMAM (Generation 0)) bound to a surface, such as the surface of magnetic particles. The methods and materials have high efficiency of binding RNA and of DNA, and of release, and thereby permit quantitative determinations.

Abstract: Provided are phosphoramidate nucleoside compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters or solvates thereof, useful in the treatment of cancer, viral infections and other diseases: Also provided is a process for the synthesis of compounds of Formula (I) where a desired enantiomer, having regard to the asymmetric chiral center of the phosphorus atom P, is provided in an enriched amount. The process comprises admixing a nucleoside with a phosphorochloridate in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal salt selected from the group consisting of salts of Cu, Fe, La and Yb.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of nicotinamide mononucleotide having formula (I): The method involves the protection of nicotinamide riboside by ketalization, followed by phosphorylation and then deprotection to provide nicotinamide mononucleotide.

Abstract: A compound useful for treating lymphoma, having the structure of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is H or —C(?O)—O—R3, and R2 is H or —C(?O)—O—R4, provided R1 and R2 are not both H; and R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, and heteroalkyl. In an exemplary compound of formula (I), R1 is —C(?O)—O—CH2—CH3, and R2 is H.

Abstract: A method for preparing a compound represented by general formula I: or a salt thereof includes a step of reacting a compound represented by formula II: with a reducing agent to cleave an oxazolidine ring fused to a cycle A?. The reducing agent includes at least one of phosphines, metal hydrides, or transition metal catalysts in the presence of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: The invention herein describes a method to purify a target oligonucleotide using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The method includes adding a salt to a mixture of the target oligonucleotide and product-related impurities, applying the diluted mixture, at a particular dynamic loading capacity, to the hydrophobic interaction chromatography resin (or hydrophobic adsorbent), washing the hydrophobic adsorbent with an aqueous salt solution, eluting the target oligonucleotide with a eluting solution, and collecting the eluent comprising the target oligonucleotide.

Abstract: Described herein are conjugated modified oligonucleotides that are complementary to a target RNA. The conjugate facilitates cellular uptake of the modified oligonucleotide, resulting improved potency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for improving the gastrointestinal tolerance of food and beverage products comprising sweet, low-digestible carbohydrates, and the use of one or more of D-glucose, fiber and protein for improving the gastrointestinal tolerance of food and beverage products comprising sweet, low-digestible carbohydrates.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides may be produced by a process, including (1) condensing a nucleoside, nucleotide or oligonucleotide (b), and a nucleoside, nucleotide or oligonucleotide (a), or a substituted nucleotide or oligonucleotide (?) in a non-polar solvent to give a reaction solution containing a phosphite triester product (c); (3) oxidizing or sulfurizing the phosphite triester product (c) to give a reaction solution containing an oligonucleotide (d) wherein the 5?-hydroxy group is protected; (4) deprotecting the oligonucleotide (d) to give a reaction solution containing an oligonucleotide (e) wherein the 5?-hydroxy group is not protected; and (6) adding a polar solvent to the reaction solution containing the oligonucleotide (e) and purifying the oligonucleotide (e) by solid-liquid separation, wherein said nucleoside, nucleotide or oligonucleotide (a) or said substituted nucleotide or oligonucleotide (?) is a compound represented by formula (a-i): wherein Base, Rp1, R10, m, L, Y, and Z are defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention includes compounds of the class anthracycline that have been modified to include photo-activated prodrug anthracycline compounds that are useful in the treatment of cancer. One example composition of the invention may include photodoxazolidine which may be synthesized in two steps from 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl alcohol and doxazolidine. In this embodiment commercial 4,5-dimethoxyl-2-nitrobenzyl alcohol reacts with p-nitrophenylchloroformate to give the p-nitrophenyl carbonate of the benzyl alcohol derivative. The p-nitrophenyl carbonate is then reacted with doxazolidine to give the exemplary photodoxazolidine composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction method using a solid subject, the method including activating a subject with a reactive amine group, injecting a sample having 1×101 to 1×103 cells/ml and a dimethyl suberimidate (DMS) compound or a dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP) compound into the subject, and forming a complex having the RNA within the sample and the compound, and extracting the RNA by treating elution buffer to the subject on which the complex is formed. The subject, particularly, the thin film device used for extracting the RNA, has improved hydrophilicity compared to the conventional silicon substrate, so that RNA is extracted more efficiently.

Abstract: This invention relates to derivatives of cladribine of Formula (I). The compounds are phosphoramidate derivatives in which the phosphoramidate moiety is situated on the 3?-hydroxyl group of cladribine. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations of the cladribine derivatives and their use in methods of treatment. The compounds are useful in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for improving a visual function, e.g., eyesight, eye strain, blurred vision, dry eye, retinal function, presbyopia, or Visual Display Terminal (VDT) syndrome, that is safe for long-term intake and ensures effective improvement of visual function. The compositions include a nicotinamide mononucleotide (structure shown below) as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel method for treating pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis in which a combination of a dopamine receptor antagonist (pimozide, haloperidol, and/or L-741,626), 2-deoxy-D-glucose and atorvastatin are used, optionally in combination with gemcitabine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to modified oligonucleotides having the following Formula (I) wherein one or more of phosphate groups are substituted at phosphorus, and methods for their synthesis. The modified oligonucleotides are useful for diagnostic applications involving sequence specific recognition of a nucleic acid and for use in a method of medical treatment.