Abstract: According to the present invention, a coat is formed by applying a coating composition comprising an epoxy resin obtained by a bisphenol represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a curing agent, to a substrate; and thereafter contactings the resulting coat with a liquid such as warm water or hot water in a one stage or multistage process. The thus formed coat is excellent in properties such as heat resistance, particularly erosion resistance adhesive properties and resistance to leaching of organic constituents contained in the coat exposed to hot water.

Abstract: Linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon are produced in the presence of novel catalyst compositions formed from a palladium salt, the anion of a non-hydrohalogenic acid having a pKa less than 2 and a bidentate ligand having one atom of phosphorous and one atom of sulfur or selenium.

Abstract: A method of producing surfactants from lignin is disclosed by reducing lignin in the presence of a carbon monoxide or hydrogen reducing agent at high temperature and pressure to produce low molecular weight lignin phenols and subjecting the lignin phenols to one or a combination of several reactions such as alkoxylation, alkylation, sulfonation, sulfation, alkoxysulfation, and sulfomethylation. The lignin surfactants so produced can be employed in a surfactant system to recover oil from underground formations.

Abstract: A liquid adduct is prepared from the reaction of an amine, a polyepoxide compound with a functionality greater than 2, and, optionally, a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and/or the hydrogenated equivalent thereof, an accelerator or a suitable solvent; said reaction continuing until no active epoxy groups are available. The adducts are useful as curing agents for epoxy resins in both room temperature and heat cured applications to produce protective coatings of superior properties.

Abstract: A mixture of (a) epoxide resin, (b) a cyanoacetyl compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is the radical of an alcohol or ether, and n is 1-4, as curing agent, and (c) a phenylurea derivative, such as monuron, as curing accelerator is characterized by good storage stability. The mixture can be used as casting resin, laminating resin, adhesive, surface-protective agent and moulding material, and the mixture yields, on being heated, cured products having homogeneous and good mechanical properties.