Abstract: A system and process produce high actual levels of sulfur recovery from acid gas. The system includes two conventional Claus reactors and two cold bed adsorption (CBA) reactors. Four condensers are provided, one disposed before each of the catalytic reactors, and one disposed after the CBA reactor. The system includes a gas clean-up treatment zone for hydrogenation, drying and oxidation of gas to provide stoichiometric ratio of H.sub.2 S and SO.sub.2. The gas is passed through the clean-up treatment zone prior to being fed to the first of the CBA reactors. The system is designed to operate either in a recovery mode or in a regeneration mode. In the recovery mode, the reactors are in series and the CBA reactors are operated below dew point of sulfur. In regeneration mode, effluent from the clean-up treatment zone is heated in a heat exchanger using effluent from the first catalytic reactor as the heat source.

Abstract: Process for hydrodesulfurizing and deoxygenating a gas (A) comprising methane, oxygen and at least one organic sulfur compound, said process comprising contacting a mixture of said gas (A) with a hydrogen-containing gas (B) first with a palladium-containing catalyst, at a temperature of 300.degree.-450.degree. C., and then with a second catalyst comprising molybdenum and at least one of nickel and cobalt, at a temperature of 300.degree.-450.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulphide is extracted from a supply gas as elemental sulphur using a reactor comprising a vertical cylinder containing a downwardly moving bed of catalyst. Catalyst extracted at the bottom is elevated by a stream of the supply gas in an unheated condition and is cooled by contact with the gas and subsequently by contact with supply air to a temperature of the order of 150.degree. F. for injection into the top of the cylinder. The cylinder is free from restrictions to catalyst movement. A plurality of slip stream condensers arranged seriatim along the length of the cylinder each act to extract 60% of the total gas flow upwardly in the cylinder and return the extracted gas downstream of the next adjacent extraction point so that the whole of the gas is extracted into one or more condensers for condensation of the sulphur formed on the catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic composition containing an oxide and/or sulfide of at least one of molybdenum, tungsten, iron, chromium and vanadium in combination with at least one promoter metal, e.g. a catalyst of the formulaCs Cu.sub.0.2 Zn.sub.0.5 Mn.sub.0.5 Sn.sub.2.4 Mo O.sub.x S.sub.y.

Abstract: Essentially all of the H.sub.2 S in steam which also contains up to 30 ppmw of CO.sub.2 per ppmw of H.sub.2 S can be scrubbed from the steam with aqueous NaOH or Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 without consuming more than about 4 mols of NaOH or 2 mols of Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 per mol of H.sub.2 S and without consuming more than about 0.18 pounds of water per pound of steam scrubbed, if (1) the steam is scrubbed countercurrently in a tower containing a contacting means equivalent to at least 6 theoretical stages, (2) the sulfide species in the tower effluent are completely oxidized to sulfo species and (3) the oxidized effluent--less a bleed stream and plus water and base makeup--is recycled to the tower. If the steam is scrubbed in this manner before being introduced to the turbines in a power plant, the exhaust from the turbines can be vented to the atmosphere without further treatment. The method of the invention is particularly suited for use at the Geysers geothermal "steam" field in California.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a gas stream by injecting an alkaline solution into the gas stream. The velocity of the gas stream is such that it has a Reynolds number of at least 50,000 and the Weber number for the injected alkaline solution is at least about 16. Alkali metal hydroxides and polyvalent metal chelates are useful alkaline solutions.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for the conversion of exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines comprises platinum on a refractory support and sodium or potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium in an amount sufficient to significantly broaden the A/F window for said catalyst. In place of sodium or potassium, barium may be used, although it is less effective than sodium or potassium. A preferred catalyst composition comprises platinum, palladium and rhodium on a refractory support and sodium or potassium in an amount sufficient to significantly broaden the A/F window of said catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a precious metal promoted multi-metal oxide/sulfide catalytic composition, e.g. a catalyst of the formula:Ag.sub.0.1 Ni.sub.0.45 Cu.sub.0.45 MoO.sub.x S.sub.y.

Abstract: The invention provides the novel ruthenium carbonylate anions [Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.11 ].sup.6- and [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.17 ].sup.4- and [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.16 ].sup.6-, together with the salts and acids of these anions. The former anion can be prepared by reduction of either Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 or [Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 ].sup.4- with controlled amounts of an alkali metal in the presence of an electron carrier compound, while the latter two anions are prepared by a similar reduction of [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.18 ].sup.2-. [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.16 ].sup.6- can also be prepared by a similar reduction of [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.17 ].sup.4-.

Abstract: A method is provided for reconditioning a hydrogen sulfide removal system, such as a Stretford process system in which elemental sulfur is formed, after the system has become contaminated with sulfur-feeding bacteria to an extent that operation thereof is substantially impaired. The method includes adding a bactericide to the washing solution employed in the system to destroy the bacteria and adding a surfactant to the solution to remove dead bacteria from the surfaces of particulate sulfur formed in the system so that the particles can agglomerate in the intended manner to enable sulfur removal from the solution.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal intercalate of graphite catalyst, e.g. cobalt Graphimet.sup.(R).

Abstract: Phosgene is removed from an off gas containing phosgene by contacting the off gas with an aqueous solution containing alkali metal hydroxide and a tertiary amine compound having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. The concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide can vary from 1 to 25 weight percent and the concentration of the tertiary amine can be any amount which is effective in the contact apparatus chosen. The amines found to be useful are trialkyl amines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and pyridines having 0 to 3 alkyl groups of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and diamines such as 4-dimethylaminepyridine.

Abstract: For preventing the fouling and/or plugging of apparatus with metallic sulfides in the processing and purification of synthesis gases contaminated with metal carbonyls, wherein the synthesis gases are scrubbed with a physical solvent, which solvent is regenerated and reused, an organic phosphite, e.g., trimethyl phosphite, and/or an organic phosphine, e.g., triethyl phosphine or triphenyl phosphine, is added as a complexing agent to the scrubbing media, preferably in between the scrubbing and absorption regenerating steps.

Abstract: In order to remove carbon dioxide from an off-gas stream and immobilize it in solid stable form, the gas is passed through a packed bed of calcium hydroxide maintained at a temperature in the range 10.degree. C.-50.degree. C., the moisture content of the gas being controlled so as to correspond to a relative humidity from 40% to 100% at the bed temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen fluoride with use of fluorite as starting material and by conducting reactions in a first reactor and a second reactor wherein a reaction of fluorite with sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride and steam in the first reactor is conducted at a conversion of from 35 to 90% while maintaining the reaction temperature within a range of from 140.degree. to 240.degree. C. by controlling the respective amounts of the sulfuric anhydride, steam and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A system is described for removing CO.sub.2 from the manufactured process gas in an SNG manufacturing plant, the system operating the hot carbonate process wherein hot potassium carbonate solution absorbs CO.sub.2 from the process gas under pressure in an absorber column 1 and is regenerated by pressure reduction and steam stripping in a regenerator column 14 and a reboiler 17 before being returned to the absorber by a circulating pump 7. The system is completely automated and is controlled by a computer so that start-up, running and shut-down of the system is carried out automatically upon initiation by an operator, whereby the system is particularly suited for use in peak load SNG plants.

Abstract: An acceptor of MnO.sub.x or iron oxide, wherein x has a value of from 1 to 1.5, supported on a (.gamma.)-alumina carrier which may contain silica, is used to remove hydrogen sulfide from process gases. The acceptor is regenerated with steam in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300.degree. C. to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contracting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a heteropolymolybdate or tungstate complex. Use of these catalysts reduce the amount of by-product carbon dioxide and methane formation and thus enhance the make of hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas scrubber having a plurality of absorption sections which are supplied with a chemical liquid for gas-liquid contacting, fresh liquid for makeup use is supplied to the section closest to the gas outlet and then is mixed gradually with the liquid being recycled to the section on the gas inlet side of the vessel, whereby the process permits exhaust gases with saturation humidity at temperatures of 75.degree. C. or upwards to be treated effectively with but a limited drainage of water.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid elemental sulfur from a CO.sub.2 -rich gaseous stream containing H.sub.2 S. The gas is contacted with at least a stoichiometric amount of gaseous oxygen in the presence of liquid water with a fixed bed comprising a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a transition metal phthalocyanine compound dispersed on a support at a specific pH and temperature. A preferred support is activated carbon.