Abstract: In the process for the conversion of maleic acid to gamma-butyrolactone, 1.4-butanediol and/or tetrahydrofuran, a feedstream comprising maleic acid is hydrogenated in a first hydrogenation zone to produce a reaction product comprising succinic acid and unreacted hydrogen which is then supplied to a second hydrogenation zone, where succinic acid is converted to 1,4-butanediol, the temperatures of the feedstream comprising maleic acid and the first hydrogenation zone are controlled such that the temperature of maleic acid in the feedstream and the first hydrogenation zone does not exceed about 130° C., thereby minimizing the corrosive effects of the maleic acid and prolonging reactor life and improving overall process economics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds represented by Formula (1); wherein A, R, X, Y and n are as defined in the description, the salts thereof, and insecticide/acaricide compositions characterized by comprising one or more of said compounds and/or said salts as the active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel substituted pyrroline compounds useful as kinase or dual-kinase inhibitors, methods for producing such compounds and methods for treating or ameliorating a kinase or dual-kinase mediated disorder.

Abstract: A process for the production of N-methyl pyrrolidone using gamma butyrolactone and mixed methylamines as starting materials, in a continuous process, in such operating conditions as to allow the production of high purity N-methyl pyrrolidone in high yields.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for recovery and refining of valuable nitrogen-containing organic compounds formed by catalytic oxidation of least one feed compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, isobutane and isobutylene in the presence of ammonia to produce a gaseous. Processes of the invention include quenching the gaseous reactor effluent with an aqueous quench liquid; forming an aqueous solution comprising the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, hydrogen cyanide and other organic co-products; and using an integrated sequence of distillations and phase separations to recover for recycle of a useful aqueous liquid, and obtain the desired nitrogen-containing products. According to the invention aqueous solutions are fractionated in an integrated system of multi-stage columns while an effective polymerization inhibiting amount of at least one member of a preselected class of p-phenylenediamine compounds is maintained therein.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a carboxylic acid, ammonia and air into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a complex of catalytic oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum, cobalt, cerium, antimony, at least one of nickel or magnesium, and at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or thallium, and characterized by the following empirical formula: AaBbCcFedBieCofCegSbhMomOx wherein A is at least one of Cr, P, Sn, Te, B, Ge, Zn, In, Mn, Ca, W, or mixtures thereof B is at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl, or mixtures thereof C is least one of Ni, Mg or mixtures thereof a is 0 to 4.0 b is 0.01 to 1.5 c is 1.0 to 10.0 d is 0.1 to 5.0 e is 0.1 to 2.0 f is 0.1 to 10.0 g is 0.1 to 2.0 h is 0.1 to 2.0 m is 12.0 to 18.0 and x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present. The catalyst is useful in processes for the ammoxidation of an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene or mixtures thereof, to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and mixtures thereof, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an aminocarbazole by catalytically reducing a nitrocarbazole, wherein as a catalyst is used an active nickel-based catalyst prepared by contacting a nickel-based catalyst with an alkali and an iron compound under a hydrogen gas or inert gas atmosphere in an inert solvent, and according to the method of the present invention, decrease in reaction speed, decrease in yield of a product or the like depending upon the lot of the starting nitrocarbazoles can be prevented, and aminocarbazoles can be produced in a good yield constantly.

Abstract: A novel compound which inhibits certain integrins, particularly ?v integrins. Additionally, the novel compound may be used in a method of treating tumors or cancer which comprises administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound to a patient. Additionally, the novel compound may be used in a method of inhibiting angiogensis. Finally, a method of producing the novel compound is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for making a water-soluble ?-hydroxynitrile. A 1,2-epoxide and an inorganic cyanide salt are reacted in a solvent having aqueous methanol and a buffer therein to form ?-hydroxynitrile. The buffer substantially inhibits the formation of reaction products other than ?-hydroxynitrile. Optionally, water may be removed from the ?-hydroxynitrile by azeotropic distillation with acetonitrile and subsequently purified via vacuum distillation and filtration.

Abstract: There is disclosed the use of a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, X, Y, V, W and Z are as defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers or racemates thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament, for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions in which inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity is beneficial. Certain novel compounds of formula (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and enantiomers and racemates thereof are disclosed; together with processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use in therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorobenzamide derivatives of the formula wherein R1, R2, R3 R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined herein. =, The compounds of the invention are selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors and therefore they are suitable for the treatment of diseases mediated by monoamine oxidase B, such as Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds which bind VLA-4. Certain of these compounds also inhibit leukocyte adhesion and, in particular, leukocyte adhesion mediated by VLA-4. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in a mammalian patient, e.g., human, such as asthma, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, AIDS dementia, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tissue transplantation, tumor metastasis and myocardial ischemia. The compounds can also be administered for the treatment of inflammatory brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to novel ligands for transition metals. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising these ligands in transition metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The subject methods provide improvements in many features of the transition metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, reaction conditions, and efficiency.

Abstract: A process for the production of a dialkyl carbonate and a diol, such as dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol, by reacting a feed containing a cyclic carbonate, a hydroxy alkyl carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst is described. In another aspect, a process is described which is particularly useful for producing unsymmetric dialkyl carbonates, such as ethyl methyl carbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesis of aliphatic isocyanates from aromatic isocyanates in substantially 3 stages. In particular, the invention relates to a method for synthesis of bis{4-isocyanatocyclohexyl}methane (H12MDI) from bis{4-isocyanatophenyl}methane (MDI). More especially, the invention relates to a method for synthesis of H12MDI with a trans-trans isomer content of <30%, preferably of <20%, particularly preferably of 5 to 15%.

Abstract: Compounds are provided which have the structure wherein Q is C or N, A is O or S, Z is O or a bond, X is CH or N and R1, R2, R2a, R2b, R2c, R3, Y, x, m, and n are as defined herein, which compounds are useful as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and antiobesity agents.

Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed which inhibit the activity of phospholipase enzymes in a mammal, particularly cytosolic phospholipase A2. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of treatment using such compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel class of benz[g]indole compounds is disclosed together with the use of such compounds for inhibiting sPLA2 mediated release of fatty acids for treatment of Inflammatory Diseases such as septic shock.

Abstract: This invention provides estrogen receptor modulators of formula I, having the structure wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10, are as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.