Abstract: Electrolyte solutions for electrodeposition of zinc alloys and methods of electrodepositing zinc-iron alloys. An electrolyte solution for electroplating can include an alkali metal hydroxide, a zinc salt, a condensation polymer of epichlorohydrin, a quaternary amine, an aliphatic amine, a polyhydroxy alcohol, an aromatic organic acid and/or salts thereof, an amino alcohol, a bisphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof, an iron salt, an alkali metal gluconate, and an amine-based chelating agent. Electrodepositing zinc alloys on a substrate can include introducing a cathode and an anode into an electrolyte solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, a zinc salt, a condensation polymer of epichlorohydrin, a quaternary amine, an aliphatic amine, a polyhydroxy alcohol, an aromatic organic acid and/or salts thereof, an amino alcohol, a bisphosphonic acid and/or salts thereof, an iron salt, an alkali metal gluconate, and an amine-based chelating agent.

Abstract: A flow cell for reducing carbon dioxide may include a first chamber having a gold coated gas diffusion layer working electrode, a reference electrode, and a water-in-salt electrolyte comprising a super concentrated aqueous solution of lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). A second chamber adjacent the first chamber has a gold coated gas diffusion layer counter electrode and the water-in-salt electrolyte. The second chamber being separated from the first chamber by a proton exchange membrane. A reservoir coupled to each of the first and the second chambers with a pump contains a volume of the water-in-salt electrolyte and a head space.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a coating composition and a method of using the same for forming metal coatings on substrates. In particular embodiments, the coating composition comprises a deep eutectic solvent and/or an ionic liquid; a metal precursor; an alkali metal salt; and an optional additive component. The coating composition and method embodiments disclosed herein provide durable, even, high-surface area coatings on various types of substrates and also can be used at low temperatures.

Abstract: Methods for treating a substrate are disclosed. The substrate is deoxidized and then immersed in an electrodepositable pretreatment composition comprising a lanthanide series element and/or a Group IIIB metal, an oxidizing agent, and a metal-complexing agent to deposit a coating from the electrodepositable pretreatment composition onto a surface of the substrate. Optionally, the electrodepositable pretreatment composition may comprise a surfactant. A coating from a spontaneously depositable pretreatment composition comprising a Group IIIB and/or Group IVB metal may be deposited on the substrate surface prior to electrodepositing a coating from the electrodepositable pretreatment composition. Following electrodeposition of the electrodepositable pretreatment composition, the substrate optionally may be contacted with a sealing composition comprising phosphate and a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal. Substrates treated according to the methods also are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating and using a zinc negative electrode and systems thereof are described. A zinc electroplated electrode including a layer of zinc metal bonded to a surface of an electrically conductive current collector is fabricated by an electroplating process using a zinc electroplating system. The zinc electroplating system includes: a zinc metal anode, a cathode including the current collector for plating zinc thereon, and an electrolyte bath comprising zinc ions. The electroplating process bonds the zinc metal to the surface of the current collector to create the electroplated zinc electrode. The electroplated zinc electrode is used as a negative electrode in a zinc metal cell. The zinc metal cell may be a primary cell or a secondary cell.

Abstract: Silver electroplating compositions deposit silver with low coefficients of friction on substrates, such as nickel, copper and copper alloys. The silver deposits have coefficients of friction of less than or equal to 1 in contrast to many conventional silver deposits which typically have coefficients of friction greater than 1, such as 1.5. The silver deposits also have improved wear resistance in contrast to silver deposited from many conventional silver electroplating baths. The low coefficients of friction and improved wear resistance of silver deposited from the silver electroplating compositions is especially suitable for connectors and electronics finishes. Preferably, the silver electroplating compositions are cyanide-free silver electroplating compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous, alkaline electrolyte for electrochemically depositing a zinc-, iron-, manganese-containing layer onto surfaces of metal piece goods, in particular piece goods made of iron and/or steel, characterized in that the electrolyte contains: zinc ions in an amount of 4-60 g/L; iron ions in an amount of 0.5-30 g/L; manganese ions in an amount of 0.1-15 g/L. The invention also relates to a method for electrochemically depositing a zinc-, iron-, manganese-containing layer onto one or more surfaces of a metal piece good. The invention also relates to a metal piece good comprising a zinc-, iron, manganese-containing layer electrochemically deposited onto a surface of the metal piece good in accordance with the inventive method.

Abstract: A process and related electrode composition are disclosed for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived bio-oil components by the production of hydrogen atoms on a catalyst surface followed by the reaction of the hydrogen atoms with the organic compounds in bio-oil. The catalyst is a metal supported on a monolithic high surface area material such as activated carbon cloth. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation stabilizes the bio-oil under mild conditions to reduce coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The process converts oxygen-containing functionalities and unsaturated bonds into chemically reduced forms with an increased hydrogen content. The process is operated at mild conditions, which enables it to be a good means for stabilizing bio-oil to a form that can be stored and transported using metal containers and pipes.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic copper electroplating bath that produces a satin deposit includes a source of copper ions, an acid, a satin additive, and optionally one or more acidic copper electroplating bath additive(s), wherein the satin additive includes a block copolymer with the structure of RO(EO)m(PO)nH.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electroplating method, comprising providing an electroplating solution, wherein the electroplating solution includes an effective microorganisms aqueous solution and metal chloride; disposing a workpiece, wherein at least a part of the workpiece is in contact with the electroplating solution; and performing an electroplating process to electroplate metal of the metal chloride onto the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-concentration tin sulfonate aqueous solution, in which a divalent tin ion (Sn2+) concentration is 360 g/L to 420 g/L, a tetravalent tin ion (Sn4+) concentration is 10 g/L or less, a free methanesulfonic acid concentration is 40 g/L or less, a Hazen unit color number (APHA) is 240 or less, and a turbidity is 25 FTU or less. This aqueous solution is produced such that stannous oxide powder whose temperature is adjusted to a temperature of 10° C. or lower is added to an aqueous methanesulfonic acid solution having a concentration of 60% by mass to 90% by mass when the aqueous solution circulates in a state of being maintained at the temperature of 10° C. or lower, and the stannous oxide powder is dissolved.

Abstract: A method for preparing products by electrochemical reductive amination and simultaneous oxidation of aldehyde-based biomass using non-precious metal catalysts is provided, which relates to a field of electrocatalysis. The preparing method includes: performing an electrochemical reaction in an electrolytic system with room temperature and atmospheric pressure (at a range of 25° C. to 30° C., 101 kPa) by taking an aldehyde compound and an amine compound as raw materials for reductive amination and oxidation of aldehyde-based biomass, and thereby obtaining the products. The electrolytic system includes a reaction substrate, an electrolyte, a solvent, an anode and a cathode. The anode is a phosphorylated hydrotalcite catalyst and the cathode is a Ti-based catalyst. The method uses no external oxidants and precious metal catalysts, which is clean, environmental and efficient.

Abstract: A titanium sub-oxide/ruthenium oxide composite electrode and a preparation method and application thereof. Titanium-based titanium sub-oxide nanotubes is taken as a bottom layer, and titanium sub-oxide doped ruthenium oxide is taken as a surface composite active layer. A titanium substrate is anodized in a fluorine-containing ionic electrolyte, taken out, subjected to heating and roasting, cooled and then subjected to cathodic electrochemical reduction in polarizing liquid, so that a titanium-based titanium sub-oxide nanotube electrode is obtained; and then the titanium-based titanium sub-oxide nanotube electrode is taken as a cathode to be electrodeposited in a ruthenium trichloride electrolyte doped with titanium sub-oxide powder, taken out and then subjected to heating and roasting, so that the titanium sub-oxide/ruthenium oxide composite electrode is obtained.

Abstract: Crystal plane orientation enrichment compounds are applied to copper to modify copper grain orientation distribution to the favorable crystal plain orientation to enhance copper electroplating. Electroplating copper on the modified copper enables faster and selective electroplating.

Abstract: A method and an electrocatalytic electrode for electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide to methanol are provided. An exemplary electrocatalytic electrode includes copper (I) oxide crystals electrodeposited over an atomically smooth copper electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing metal decorations on a curved dial made of insulating material includes forming, by a method of the LIGA-UV type, a mould made of photosensitive resin and of galvanically depositing a layer of at least one metal from the conductive layer in order to form a block substantially reaching the upper surface of the photosensitive resin.

Abstract: The current disclosure provides alternating current based systems and methods to develop chemical compounds, such as drug molecules using electrochemistry in organic synthesis.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid mixture for filling blind holes in copper foil, relating to the technical field of electroplating hole filling. The liquid mixture comprises copper sulfate pentahydrate 210-240 g/L, citric acid 40-50 g/L, tartaric acid 10-20 g/L, chloride ion 40-70 ppm, accelerator 0.5-2 g/L, leveling agent 5-15 g/L, inhibitor 5-10 g/L, and sulfonate ion liquid 50-180 g/L. The leveling agent comprises tetranitro blue tetrazolium blue and triazolyl acetyl hydrazide.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochemical reaction method that includes: immersing an anode and a cathode into a solution that includes azide ion (N3?), an alkene, and a transition metal catalyst; passing a current through the anode; and forming a diazide from the alkene. Related systems are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for electrochemically oxidizing aromatic aldehydes, such as furfural and furfural derivatives, to carboxylic acids in acidic solutions are provided. Also provided are electrochemical cells for carrying out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical oxidations may be conducted in aqueous media at ambient pressure and mild temperatures.