Abstract: Described are bulk process gas purification systems and related methods, including systems that are adapted to use a volume of gas at an exterior surface of a vessel, e.g., a flow of the gas, to control a temperature of the vessel interior during a recharging step, during a cooling step that follows a recharging step, or both.

Abstract: Deposition methods may prevent or reduce crystallization of silicon in a deposited amorphous silicon film that may occur after annealing at high temperatures. The crystallization of silicon may be prevented by doping the silicon with an element. The element may be boron, carbon, or phosphorous. Doping above a certain concentration for the element prevents substantial crystallization at high temperatures and for durations at or greater than 30 minutes. Methods and devices are described.

Abstract: A method for heat treatment of a grain-shaped feed material uses a calcination device in order to remove carbonate or water of crystallization from the feed material. In order to continuously check the quality of the heat treatment process, the bulk density of the heat-treated material is measured continuously, wherein upon detection of a deviation of the determined bulk density from the at least one desired bulk density at least one heat treatment parameter of the heat treatment is adapted automatically or manually.

Abstract: The method of fabricating metal oxide nanomaterials using a thermally decomposable substrate can include combining an aqueous solution including a metal salt with a thermally decomposable solid substrate. In an embodiment, the aqueous solution can be nebulized and applied directly on the solid substrate. In an embodiment, the solid substrate can be macerated in the aqueous solution. The solid material, once combined with the aqueous solution, can then be calcined at a temperature ranging from about 400° C. to about 900° C. Calcination produces metal oxide nanoparticles and transforms the solid material into capping substrate molecules that are separated by the metal oxide ions. Thus, the metal oxide nanomaterials include capping substrate molecules separated by metal oxide nanoparticles. The present method reverses the conventional capping process by placing the metal oxide ions between the molecules of the capping substrate, which stay in place (keeping distance between ions), even during calcination.

Abstract: Thermo-responsive hydrogel composite (TRHC) desiccants having high adsorption capacities, fast adsorption/desorption rates, and low regeneration temperatures (Treg) compared to traditional desiccants. TRHC desiccants may be synthesized by freeze drying. The porous structures resulting from freeze drying copolymers of thermo-responsive polymers and/or hygroscopic agents may be combined with hygroscopic inorganic salts, resulting in TRHC desiccants having superior performance properties.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a column-use adsorbent having an excellent balance of adsorption capacity and durability, and an adsorption apparatus. [Means to solve problems] A column-use adsorbent made of powder of a porous particle group of hydroxyapatite or fluoroapatite formed by replacing at least part of a hydroxyl group of hydroxyapatite with fluorine atom, the porous particle group being a group of a plurality of porous particles having different particle sizes, the porous particle group meeting the condition of DAv×45/100?D10?DAv×75/100, in which DAv (?m) is an average particle size, and D10 (?m) is a particle size at which a cumulative volume of the porous particles from the small size side based on a particle size distribution is 10%.

Abstract: The lithium extraction method includes providing lithium phosphate containing impurities of an alkaline earth metal; dissolving the lithium phosphate and the impurities in an acid; and preparing a lithium-containing solution by adding an additive to a solution prepared by dissolving the lithium phosphate and the impurities in the acid. The additive is a substance capable of simultaneously precipitating phosphate anions and the impurities, and the lithium-containing solution prepared through addition of the additive is basic.

Abstract: In an improved superabsorbent complexed with aluminum ions, the aluminum ions are applied in the form of an aqueous solution comprising aluminum ions, which has the feature that it comprises aluminum ions in a proportion within the range of 0.5%-15% by weight (converted if appropriate to Al3+), based on the total mass of the solution, and further comprises anions of lactic acid (lactate ions) and phosphoric acid (phosphate ions), where the molar proportion of the lactate ions is within the range of 0.01-2.99 times the molar amount of Al3+ and the molar proportion of the phosphate ions is within the range of 0.01-2.99 times the molar amount of Al3+.

Abstract: A system and method of desalinating a brine stream are provided. The multistage desalination process with carbon dioxide capture recovers valuable products where the reject brine is passed through seven stages. In each stage, a specific metal ion is recovered. In stage 1, a ˜100% recovery of magnesium ions as magnesium hydroxide solid was obtained by chemical reaction with ammonia solution. In stage 2, Na+ reduction, as sodium bicarbonate, and CO2 uptake was achieved. In stage 3, electrocoagulation (EC) was used to recover sulfate ions as pure calcium sulfate solid and to regenerate NH3 as ammonium hydroxide. In stage 4, CaO was added to the treated brine. In stage 5, more recovery of NaHCO3 was attained by adding ammonium bicarbonate, while in stage 6, the treated brine mixture was passed through another modified Solvay process. In stage 7, EC was again used to recover CaCl2 solution and NH3 compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of separating and removing a radioactive nuclide, particularly, C-14 and tritium from a radioactive waste resin, and an equipment therefor. The method of treating a radioactive waste resin of the present invention includes recycling of condensate water from which a C-14 radionuclide in the condensate water is removed, into a treatment part for a radioactive waste resin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a brine solution using a salt bag for recharging zirconium phosphate in a reusable sorbent module are provided. The salt bag can be a double layer bag. An inner water permeable bag can contain solid salts and can be surrounded by an outer water impermeable bag. Water can be added to dissolve the salts in the inner bag and the resulting solution can be collected as a brine solution for use in recharging the zirconium phosphate.

Abstract: An absorbent pad has: a first, outer layer comprising a permeable or non-permeable film; a second, outer layer comprising a permeable or non-permeable film, placed on a side of the pad opposite the first, outer layer; a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer, and comprising a tissue laminate comprising at least a first ply and a second ply, with at least one chemical agent or system fixed in the third layer and being either activated by contact with or soluble in an aqueous liquid, the at least one chemical agent or system being in a predetermined amount distributed substantially uniformly per unit area of the surface area between the at least first ply and second ply: and a fourth layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer and comprising fluff, with or without a chemical agent or system, the third layer being joined to the fourth layer to serve as a substrate for the fourth layer.

Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective for flex plates. The flex plates may comprise a base plate. The base plate may include walls that define an insert location opening in the base plate. The insert location opening in the base plate may be in communication with a securement area. The flex plates may comprise an insert. The insert may include a reservoir region and a crystallization region separated by a wall including channels. The reservoir region and the crystallization region may include a backing. The insert may further include securement tabs. The securement tabs may be configured to secure the insert to the base plate at the securement area.

Abstract: A method of equipment decontamination may include: introducing a cleaning stream comprising hydrogen and a solvent comprising a fatty acid methyl ester and an oxygenated solvent into the equipment; and introducing a stream comprising nitrogen into the equipment, wherein the equipment comprises deposits and other contaminants.

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers are made of copolymers including a major portion of low molecular weight monomers each individually including a backbone and a charged moiety, a minor portion of high molecular weight monomers each individually including a backbone and a charged moiety, and optionally a crosslinker. The copolymer-based superabsorbent polymers have significantly improved absorbency under load.

Abstract: A quantum dot includes a nano-seed particle having a particular crystal plane exposed, and a first epitaxial layer formed on the particular crystal plane of the nano-seed particle.

Abstract: A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species includes the steps of providing liquid phase containing at least one liquid phase chemical species, providing a gas phase, and providing a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and the gas phase. The liquid phase and the gas phase are placed in the reactor vessel so as to form a liquid-gas interface between the liquid phase and the gas phase within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface. A pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode is provided, thereby creating a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface. A secondary electric field is directed transverse to the liquid-gas interface, wherein the secondary electric field will drive ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase species.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a brine solution using a canister for recharging zirconium phosphate in a reusable sorbent module are provided. The canister can include salt and have an inlet and an outlet. The inlet can extend upwardly into an interior of the canister above solid sodium chloride and sodium acetate. Water can be added to dissolve the salts in the canister and the resulting solution can be collected as a brine solution for use in recharging the zirconium phosphate.

Abstract: A mobile phase including a lithium salt flows through a stationary phase including an oxygenated metal compound with affinity to the lithium salt through a Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction so that the oxygenated metal compound captures the lithium salt through the Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction. An eluent flows through the stationary phase to release the lithium salt captured by the oxygenated metal compound into the eluent. The eluent includes a Lewis base or a Lewis acid that disrupts the Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction between the lithium salt and the oxygenated metal compound. The eluent including the released lithium salt is collected after the eluent flows through the stationary phase.

Abstract: The production method includes a drying step of drying a particulate crosslinked hydrogel polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer, which is a material of a water-absorbent resin, using a heating device to obtain dried particles. The heating device includes: a rotary container that contains the particulate crosslinked hydrogel polymer therein and rotates; and a plurality of heating tubes that are located within the rotary container, extend in an axial direction of the rotary container, and rotate together with the rotary container. A gel temperature of the particulate crosslinked hydrogel polymer to be subjected to the drying step, the gel temperature being measured by a contact thermometer, is not lower than 50° C.