Abstract: Carbon black is recovered from vulcanized waste rubber such as automobile tires or other articles by reacting pieces of the rubber with an aromatic oil solvent in a stirred reactor at 500.degree.-700.degree.F temperature and about 25-100 psig pressure for 0.5-2 hours residence time. The resulting solids-liquid mixture is processed to remove solids, and the resulting solid product is then dried, screened and chemically treated to recover the carbon black in dry powder form. The remaining solvent oil is also recovered and a portion reused in the process.

Abstract: Pigment TiO.sub.2 is prepared from sodium titanate by mixing with sulfuric acid, calcining at from 600.degree. to above about 900.degree.C, thereafter quenching in water, dissolving out the soluble sodium sulfate and recovering TiO.sub.2. By operating at 900.degree.C and above, artificial rutile is obtained. Instead of sulfuric acid, other mineral acids, their anhydrides, ammonium and alkali metal acid salts of said acids and borax may be employed.

Abstract: A process for removal of fluoride compounds from spent alkylation catalyst containing fluorosulfonic acid and sulfuric acid wherein hydrogen fluoride and fluorosulfonic acid, in the presence of water, are removed by vacuum distillation following which the remaining sulfuric acid rich fraction of the spent catalyst is reacted with a silica containing material to convert most of the remaining residual hydrogen fluoride to silicon fluoride which is volatilized from the mixture to thereby provide a sulfuric acid effluent free of substantial amounts of fluoride compounds. The hydrogen fluoride recovered is reacted with sulfur trioxide to form fresh fluorosulfonic acid which is combined with sulfuric acid to provide fresh alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide wherein an alkali metal chlorate and sulfuric acid are reacted in a single vessel, and the resultant alkali metal sulfate converted to alkali metal chloride in a metathesis column by reaction with hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A chlorine dioxide-producing process is provided in which water vapor is used to dilute and remove the chlorine dioxide produced from sodium chlorate and hydrochloric acid from the reaction vessel. A cyclic arrangement is provided in which the recycle liquid heated to the boiling point of the reaction medium in the generator is allowed to expand gradually to provide a vapor/liquid/solid mixture which is discharged at low velocity to the generator. Vibration due to boiling is considerably reduced and wear of generator walls due to impinging materials is eliminated.

Abstract: A method for selectively recovering metals from generally sulphidic particulate materials containing metals selected from nickel, copper and precious metals in which the particulate material is preferentially leached in an agitated chloride solution containing cuprous ions by the action of chlorine. The redox potential of the solution increases upon feeding chlorine thereto and decreases upon feeding particulate material thereto, and the rate of feeding of chlorine is controlled relative to the rate of feeding of material to control the redox potential substantially at or below a selected potential at which the metal is leached preferentially with respect to other metals in the material. Nickel is leached preferentially with respect to copper and precious metals in a matte, for example, to produce a nickel-rich solution and to concentrate the precious metals in a nickel-depleted residue.

Abstract: There is provided an improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide wherein an alkali metal chlorate, and a mineral acid are reacted in a single vessel, and the salt crystals separated from the generator crystal slurry.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide wherein an alkali metal chlorate and sulfuric acid are reacted in a single vessel, and the resultant alkali metal sulfate converted to alkali metal chloride in a metathesis column by reaction with hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Deposits in a carbon black reactor are reduced by passing feed oil, quench water and/or liquid fuel to the reactor through a magnetic field prior to introduction into the reactor.

Abstract: Recovery of hydrofluoric acid from aqueous fluosilicic acid by treating said aqueous fluosilicic acid at a temperature of from 100.degree. to 300.degree.C. and under a pressure of from 3 to 80 atmospheres and separating resulting hydrogen fluoride containing aqueous phase and silicon tetrafluoride containing gaseous phase and optionally hydrolyzing the silicon tetrafluoride containing gaseous phase in aqueous medium and recycling the aqueous fluosilicic acid to the process as starting material.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen from water in which hydrogen is produced by reducing water using metallic germanium and the by-product, germanium monoxide, is reduced with a reducing agent to metallic germanium which is recycled and reused. In this case, it is necessary to regulate the oxidation of metallic germanium so as to stop at the germanium monoxide stage since the reduction of germanium dioxide to metallic germanium is difficult. Therefore, water vapor is advantageously reduced by using not less than 1 mole of metallic germanium to 1 mole of water vapor or it is indirectly reduced with an intermediate of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A thermochemical reaction cycle for the generation of hydrogen from water comprising the following sequence of reactions wherein M represents a metal and Z represents a metalloid selected from the arsenic-antimony-bismuth and selenium-tellurium subgroups of the periodic system:2MO + Z + SO.sub.2 .fwdarw. MZ + MSO.sub.4 (1)mz + h.sub.2 so.sub.4 .fwdarw. mso.sub.4 + h.sub.2 z (2)2mso.sub.4 .fwdarw. 2mo + so.sub.2 + so.sub.3 + 1/20.sub.2 (3)h.sub.2 z .fwdarw. z + h.sub.2 (4)h.sub.2 o + so.sub.3 .fwdarw. h.sub.2 so.sub.4 (5)the net reaction is the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the thermal dissociation of an organic substance containing chlorine in which substantially anhydrous hydrogen chloride is obtained. The substance containing chlorine is introduced in a first stage into a salt melt in the absence of oxygen, hydrogen chloride is discharged from the reaction mixture and then oxygen is supplied to the salt melt in a second stage.

Abstract: We have discovered that alkali halides may be purified, particularly of trace anionic and cationic impurities, by scrubbing a melt of the alkali halide with gaseous nascent halogen. The halide radical of the gaseous nascent halogen preferably corresponds to the halide radical of the alkali halide. The purified material may then be used to form single crystals from which laser windows may be produced.

Abstract: Process for recovering hydrogen chloride from an aqueous hydrogen chloride off-gas from an oxychlorination reaction wherein hydrogen chloride is separated from the off-gas as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride and employed as feed to an oxychlorination reaction. The process is particularly applicable to the production of vinyl chloride.

Abstract: Substantially pure, synthetic crystalline .beta.-wollastonite having a specific BET surface of 1-30 m.sup.2 /g made by first producing calcium silicate hydrates having a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 :CaO = about 0.7 to about 1.3 by hydrothermal treatment of an aqueous mixture of a source of CaO and SiO.sub.2 and then annealing the calcium silicate hydrates at about 800.degree.C to about 1150.degree.C to convert them to the .beta.-wollastonite. The invention also encompasses the use of the calcium silicate hydrates and the .beta.-wollastonite in the manufacture of ceramic materials and glazings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of the treatment of sodium silico fluoride. In the invention, sodium silico fluoride is decomposed with a relatively high concentration of an aqueous ammonium solution or an ammonia gas to produce a mixed aqueous slurry solution of ammonium fluoride containing sodium fluoride and silica gels as solid materials, the obtained mixed aqueous slurry solution is separated to the ammonium fluoride solutions containing sodium fluoride and silica gels, respectively, by means of a physical method and then sodium fluoride, silica gels and the aqueous ammonium fluoride solution are manufactured in high purity and good yield, respectively. In the other way, the mixture of sodium fluoride and silica gels are separated from said mixed aqueous slurry solution by means of the filter, washed with water and dried. The dried mixture is separated to sodium fluoride and silica gels by means of a physical method.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide is produced by a continuous gaseous oxidation of titanium tetrachloride or a titanium tetrachloride containing gas with oxygen or an oxygen containing gas, the improvement wherein both of said gases are separately preheated and the titanium tetrachloride or titanium tetrachloride containing gas is fed downwardly into the reactor from a burner equipped with a cooling jacket disposed at the upper part of the reactor and the oxygen or oxygen containing gas is fed downwardly through the burner into the reactor for reaction with titanium tetrachloride; and simultaneously, an inert gas and inert refractory particles are injected from the lower part of the reactor toward the inner wall of the reactor so that the inert refractory particles are caused to rise upwardly as a suspension, and the upward flow of the suspension is counter-currently contacted with the downwardly flow of the reaction product so as to rapidly cool the reaction product, and wherein the inert refractory particles injected upward

Abstract: Anhydrous magnesium chloride may be prepared from magnesium chloride hydrates by the following sequence of processing steps:1. Dissolving the magnesium chloride hydrate in ethylene glycol to form a magnesium chloride hydrate solution.2. Heating the thus-formed solution to remove all the water therefrom thereby forming a ethylene glycol anhydrous magnesium chloride solution.3. Treating the water-free magnesium chloride-ethylene glycol solution with ammonia to form a magnesium chloride ammonia complex which precipitates from the ethylene glycol.4. Removing the precipitate from the ethylene glycol and washing it with a low boiling solvent for ethylene glycol to remove any ethylene glycol entrained in the precipitate.5. Heating the magnesium chloride ammonia complex to drive off the ammonia which leaves as a finished product completely anhydrous magnesium chloride.

Abstract: A process for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-consuming process including catalytically partially oxidizing hydrocarbon to produce a carbon monoxide- and hydrogen-containing gas, catalytically reacting water with the carbon monoxide- and hydrogen-containing gas to produce a carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-containing gas, centrifugally compressing the carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-containing gas to at least 180 psia carbon dioxide partial pressure and contacting it with an absorbing liquid containing diisopropanolamine and a cyclotetramethylene sulfone, catalytically reacting the absorber effluent gas at conditions to react hydrogen with carbon oxides to produce methane and passing the resultant hydrogen-containing gas to the hydrogen-consuming process.