Abstract: An improved process is provided for the production of chlorine dioxide and chlorine wherein an alkali metal chlorate and a strong acid selected from the group sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof are circulated and reacted in an integral forced circulation crystallizing reaction evaporator comprising in vertical disposition:a. an upper crystallizing evaporation chamber having a substantially vertically disposed cylindrical partition which divides at least the lower portion of the reaction evaporation chamber into a first and second substantially concentric cylindrical sections;B. a heat exchange chamber, andC. a lower pump chamber, having a pump means disposed therein to provide forced circulation of fluids within the reaction evaporator.An aqueous slurry of alkali metal salt of the strong acid is withdrawn from the lower portion of the pump chamber and chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and water vapor are withdrawn from the evaporation chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of calcium fluoride comprising reacting hexafluoro silicic acid with calcium carbonate in the presence of sulfate or aluminum ions within a pH range of between about 2 and 6 and separating the calcium fluoride precipitate from the resulting aqueous silica sol.

Abstract: An improved technique for purifying a solution of metallic salts from copper and cadmium contained in such solution is described. A bed of zinc granules is disposed on a grid at the bottom of a vertically arranged, cylindrical reaction chamber. The solution to be purified is pumped upwardly through the grid and the zinc bed at a speed in the range of 0.08-0.5 m/sec. to impart a turbulent motion to the zinc granules throughout the height of the reaction chamber. The turbulence causes the copper-cadmium cake adhering to the zinc particles during the reaction to separate from the granules, so that the separated cake flows out of the reaction chamber with the purified liquid to be quickly and easily removed therefrom.

Abstract: In the reaction of phosphate-containing fluorspar with sulphuric acid to produce gaseous hydrofluoric acid, withdrawing the hydrofluoric acid and condensing it, the improvement which comprises adding to the fluorspar a reactive iron compound in an amount approximately equivalent to the phosphate content whereby the phosphate content of the condensed hydrofluoric acid is markedly diminished. The reactive iron compound can be contained in another fluorspar which is blended in the first fluorspar in the requisite amount and/or it can be an iron oxide, fluoride or sulphate, or a hydrated or hydratable iron compound added to the phosphate-containing fluorspar in about 0.2 to 5% by weight calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 content and based on the fluorspar.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of sodium, potassium or lithium tetrahaloaluminates, in which the halogen may be chlorine, bromine or iodine, by the reaction of an aluminum halide with at least the stoichiometric amount of an alkali metal halide in the presence of powdered aluminum metal and a stable liquid hydrocarbon solvent, preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent or mixtures of aromatic and saturated hydrocarbon solvents, at a temperature in the range from about 60.degree. C. up to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture, filtering the hot reaction mixture to remove remaining aluminum metal and other solids, cooling the filtrate to below about 30.degree. C., and separating and washing the resulting crystals to obtain the substantially pure alkali metal tetrahaloaluminate; the entire process being carried out under anhydrous conditions and an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of metallic values from materials such as catalysts containing or supporting the values. The method comprises removing a layer or layers and a catalyst support including a quantity of the metallic value and thereafter chemically or otherwise separating the value therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to a separation means and method for enriching a hydrogen atmosphere with at least one heavy hydrogen isotope by using a solid titaniun alloy hydride. To this end, the titanium alloy hydride containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, iron, cobalt and nickel is contacted with a circulating gaseous flow of hydrogen containing at least one heavy hydrogen isotope at a temperature in the range of -20.degree. to +40.degree. C and at a pressure above the dissociation pressure of the hydrided alloy selectively to concentrate at least one of the isotopes of hydrogen in the hydrided metal alloy. The contacting is continued until equilibrium is reached, and then the gaseous flow is isolated while the temperature and pressure of the enriched hydride remain undisturbed selectively to isolate the hydride. Thereafter, the enriched hydrogen is selectively recovered in accordance with the separation factor (S.F.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, reducing the ferrous chloride to metallic iron, then oxidizing the metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Two specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is produced in a continuous process by reaction of sodium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. The reaction medium is maintained at its boiling point under subatmospheric pressure and the resulting steam is used to dilute the chlorine dioxide and chlorine and remove the same from the reaction zone. Sodium chloride is deposited from the reaction medium in the reaction zone. The mole ratio of chlorate to chloride in the reaction medium, and the temperature of the reaction medium are controlled within narrow limits to provide high efficiency of production of chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: Concentrated magnesium chloride solutions are prepared from industrial liquors or brines by evaporating the liquor in a vacuum in two or more stages in a counter current evaporator with crystallization characteristics up to a final concentration of 440 to 475 g/l MgCl.sub.2, a solid content of 12 to 25% by weight and a final temperature of 95.degree. to 105.degree. C, whereafter the liquor is separated from crude crystallized carnallite and sodium chloride, is debrominated by the addition of chlorine, is neutralized by the addition of lime or dolomite milk, is separated in the heat from solid substances, is cooled to effect further crystallization, and is finally separated as a concentrated magnesium chloride solution containing 400 to 465 g/l MgCl.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: Hypochlorite ions in aqueous solution are catalytically decomposed by the action of a single-metal spinel of Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, preferably coated on an inert, stable support. The Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 catalyst may contain dispersed therein, optionally, other "modifier" metal oxides which do not affect the single-metal spinel structure of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, but which contribute better adherence of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 to the substrate and improve the toughness of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 coating.

Abstract: In the recovery of chlorine from iron chloride by causing reaction between an oxidizing gas and a gas containing iron chloride as the predominant constituent within an oxidation furnace, the initial meeting of the two reacting gases is caused to take place in an unobstructed space within the furnace, the oxygen being injected into the furnace in directions and at a velocity such that the resulting turbulent flow due to the initial collision of the two gases will not reach the furnace wall, whereby depositing of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 on the furnace wall is reduced to a minimum.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for recovering aluminum values from aluminum-containing minerals, such as oxides of aluminum and aluminosilicates.The process involves heating an intimate mixture of an aluminum-containing mineral and a solid carbonizable organic material, preferably a fibrous cellulosic material, so as to carbonize the organic material, and chlorinating the solid residue from the carbonization step. The solid residue contains carbon in very finely divided form distributed throughout the aluminum-containing mineral. The surface area and reactivity of this carbon is much higher than that of powdered coal and the chlorination reaction thus takes place in a most efficient manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of chlorine and magnesium oxide. According to the process substantially anhydrous magnesium chloride, containing at least 95% MgCl.sub.2, is admixed with particulate magnesium oxide and contacted with gas comprising oxygen at a temperature from about 700.degree. C. to about 1100.degree. C. One of the advantages of the process according to the present invention is to utilize the exothermicity of the oxidation of the molten magnesium chloride, the reaction being self-sustained. According to a preferred embodiment, the particulate magnesium oxide is preheated at a temperature of above 720.degree. C. before it is admixed with the molten magnesium chloride and serves as the heat transfer agent for the subsequent oxidation of the magnesium chloride.The process may be carried out in a stack reactor or in a fluidized bed reactor. The oxidation is effected with substantially dry, pure oxygen or air.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for incinerating contaminated salt-bearing solutions in a fluidized bed to which streams of solution, of fuel required for incineration and of combustion air are injected and the quantities of these streams and the quantity of the fluidized bed material are adjusted to safeguard incomplete combustion in the fluidized bed, to maintain the temperature of the bed below the fusion temperature of the salt and to achieve a post-combustion temperature of 800.degree. C and more of the gas emanating from the fluidized bed and reaching the free space above the bed, i.e. the afterburner.

Abstract: A process for the production of dibasic magnesium hypochlorite comprises the reaction of a solid magnesium salt and a solid hypochlorite where one of the solid reactants is in the hydrate form. The process produces dibasic magnesium hypochlorite with excellent recovery of chlorine values and with reduced requirements for the disposal of solutions containing available chlorine.Dibasic magnesium hypochlorite, Mg(OCl).sub.2 . 2 Mg(OH).sub.2 is useful in bleaching and sanitizing applications.

Abstract: A method for separating niobium pentachloride and tantalum pentachloride contaminants from crude titanium chloride vehicle by addition of water to said vehicle to form substantially selectively solid hydration products of such contaminants which are readily separable.

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of metal chlorides from jarosite in sludges which result from the sulphuric acid processing of ores, the sludge is treated with an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal chloride. This solution contains free hydrochloric acid and is in excess stoichiometric ratio to the sulphate content of the sludge. The insoluble materials are separated from the metallic chloride solution by filtering, and are stripped of metallic chlorides by washing and further filtering. The metallic chloride solutions are then collected. The alkaline earth chloride is preferably calcium chloride. The process is particularly, but not exclusively, applicable to recovering metals from jarosite-type sludge resulting from the processing of zinc ore.

Abstract: Truly amorphous silicon having a low level of undesired impurities, and therefore suitable for semiconductor applications, may be prepared by the present process. Impure silicon, for example, metallurgical grade silicon, is prepared at an elevated temperature, e.g., above 1400.degree. C. The impure silicon and at least one binary silicon fluoride compound, e.g., silicon tetrafluoride, are chemically combined at the elevated temperature to form silicon difluoride gas. The silicon difluoride gas is polymerized. The silicon difluoride polymer is then thermally decomposed to produce the purified, amorphous silicon and binary silicon fluoride by-products. The binary silicon fluorides are recycled in the process to be chemically combined with the impure silicon. That step and the succeeding steps serve to reduce the level of unwanted impurities in the silicon produced by at least several orders of magnitude.