Abstract: Upon detecting irradiation of X-rays, an X-ray imaging apparatus stops driving scanning lines and makes a transition into an electric charge accumulating state. The X-ray imaging apparatus transmits, to an image processing apparatus, a digital value of a current that flows through a bias line at a timing at which the electric charge accumulating state starts and a scanning line number for identifying a scanning line on which the scan has stopped as defect correction information.

Abstract: An ultra-high temperature optical method incorporates speckle optics for sensing displacement and strain measurements well above conventional measurement techniques. High temperature pattern materials are used which can endure experimental high temperature environments while simultaneously having a minimum optical aberration. A purge medium is used to reduce or eliminate optical distortions and to reduce, and/or eliminate oxidation of the target specimen.

Abstract: An improved evaluation circuit which allows high sensitivity in an economical manner. For this purpose, a shift register having at least one data input, a clock input, a plurality of register stages and at least one data output is provided, wherein the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the data input of the shift register. With a shift register, fluorescent light and scattered light can be temporally distinguished in an economical manner.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus includes a scintillator and a photoelectric conversion panel. The photoelectric conversion panel includes a frame member disposed on an outer side of a photoelectric conversion section along at least a portion of one side of the photoelectric conversion panel. The frame member includes an inclined surface having a downward slope toward the photoelectric conversion section. The scintillator includes a first scintillator formed continuously on the inclined surface of the frame member and a surface of the photoelectric conversion section, and a second scintillator formed on the first scintillator. The first scintillator has a non-columnar crystal structure, and the second scintillator has a columnar crystal structure.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method and apparatus for verifying the beam range in a target irradiated with a charged hadron beam, such as a proton beam. The beam range is the location of the Bragg peak in the target, being the location where the largest portion of the dose is delivered. The method utilizes a prompt gamma camera provided with a slit-shaped opening, so as to be able to produced a 1-dimensional profile of the dose distribution along the beam line. The camera is mounted with the slit oriented perpendicularly to the beam line. The method comprises the steps of calculating a position of the camera with respect to a target, for a plurality of beam energies and spots to be irradiated. The method further comprises the steps of verifying the beam range for said plurality of spots, and delivering a value representative of the difference between the estimated beam range and the actual beam range. The apparatus of the invention is provided with a positioning module for positioning the camera.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating porosities of a formation includes: a borehole conveyable pulsed neutron generator to emit a pulse of high energy neutrons; a short spaced neutron detector to provide a count rate as a function of time; a long spaced neutron detector to provide a count rate as a function of time; a timing gate to synchronize a timing of neutrons detected by the detectors with respect to the neutron pulse; and a processor. The processor is configured to determine epithermal count rates and thermal count rates for the detectors based on timing of detection of neutrons with respect to the neutron pulse and calculate a first ratio of short to long spaced detector epithermal count rates and a second ratio of short to long spaced detector thermal count rates. The processor estimates an epithermal porosity using the first ratio and a thermal porosity using the second ratio.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray image acquisition unit, a reference position acquisition part and a condition setting part. The X-ray image acquisition unit is configured to acquire frames of two dimensional X-ray image data corresponding to mutually different X-ray exposure directions using an imaging system. The reference position acquisition part is configured to obtain a spatially criterial direction and a spatially criterial position with reference to the frames of the X-ray image data. The condition setting part is configured to automatically set at least one of a control condition of the imaging system and an image processing condition of an X-ray image, based on information according to the criterial direction and the criterial position.

Abstract: A luminescent infrared transparent sticker is disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a substrate that is transparent with respect to light at a first wavelength and light at a second wavelength and an adhesive on a first side of the substrate, wherein the adhesive contains taggant that has luminescent properties such that when the taggant is illuminated with light at the first wavelength, it emits light at the second wavelength.

Abstract: A method and device for emitting electromagnetic radiation at high power using a gallium containing substrates such as GaN, AN, InN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlInGaN, is provided.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillator plate including a crystalline body formed of a compound having a crystal structure of a Cs3Cu2I5 crystal and a substrate, in which an orientation of the crystalline body is an a-axis group orientation with respect to a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: Nanoparticles, methods of manufacture, devices comprising the nanoparticles, methods of their manufacture, and methods of their use are provided herein. The nanoparticles and devices having photoabsorptions in the range of 1.7 ?m to 12 ?m and can be used as photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, charge-coupled devices (CCD), luminescent probes, lasers, thermal imagers, night-vision systems, and/or photodetectors.

Abstract: Sampling device geometry reduces specular reflectance, using lenses to focus electromagnetic energy to predominately return scattered rather than reflected electromagnetic energy to detector(s), reducing effect of non-matte surfaces and/or window. Sampling device includes inherent automatic optical calibration, and optionally thermal calibration. Calibration detectors are optically isolated with respective emitters.

Abstract: An identification system includes a quantum dot form factor disposed on an article, and quantum dots disposed on the quantum dot form factor, the quantum dots emitting a predetermined emission. A marking system includes a secondary reservoir including a plurality of quantum dots configured to be expelled from the reservoir and a means for dispersing the quantum dots from the secondary reservoir to engage the area to be marked. A location system includes a main reservoir having a plurality of quantum dots disposed within the main reservoir, wherein the main reservoir is a water dissolvable material that dissolves over a predetermined period while exposed to water. An identification system includes a sensor for detecting a light wave query, a strobe for flashing, and a filter that includes quantum dots that the light from the strobe energizes to emit light at a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a scintillator material includes a polymer matrix; and a primary dye in the polymer matrix, the primary dye being a fluorescent dye, the primary dye being present in an amount of 5 wt % or more; wherein the scintillator material exhibits an optical response signature for neutrons that is different than an optical response signature for gamma rays. In another embodiment, a scintillator material includes a polymer matrix; and a primary dye in the polymer matrix, the primary dye being a fluorescent dye, the primary dye being present in an amount greater than 10 wt %.

Abstract: A photoconductive antenna is adapted to generate terahertz waves when irradiated by pulsed light. The photoconductive antenna includes first and second conductive layers, a semiconductor layer positioned between the first and second conductive layers, first and second electrodes, and a dielectric layer. The semiconductor layer is made of a semiconductor material having a carrier density that is lower than a carrier density of the semiconductor material of the first conductive layer or the second conducive layer. The first and second electrodes are electrically connected to the first and second conductive layers, respectively. The second electrode has an aperture through which the pulsed light passes. The dielectric layer is made of a dielectric material, and is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer having a normal direction extending orthogonal to a lamination direction of the first conductive layer, the semiconductor layer, and the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A chiller-less cooling system for cooling an interventional detector comprising a detector housing. The detector housing comprising a detector tray to which the detector is attached, a lift frame on which a driving mechanism is installed to lift up/down the detector housing, a connecting arm to connect the detector tray and the lift frame, and a cover. The cooling system comprising a heat pipes connecting the detector tray and the lift frame so as to reduce a thermal resistance between the detector tray and the lift frame and transfer more heat from the detector, an external heat sink connected with the heat pipe for reducing a thermal resistance between the lift frame and an ambient environment, and a high heat transfer coefficient device embedded into the detector tray for collecting heat leading to the heat pipe, obtaining a uniform temperature distribution, and reducing a thermal resistance of the detector tray.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods including calibrating a radiotherapy machine to identify an effective radiation source size of a radiation source contained within the radiotherapy machine, the radiation source having a nominal radiation source size, to improve accuracy of a predicted dose profile for one or more radiation beams from the radiation source to further improve accuracy of radiation dose calculation and treatment delivery.

Abstract: A system and method for in-field near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis of rubber and resin concentrations a guayule plant is provided. The system includes a wagon or other vehicle with the NIRS device mounted on the wagon. A computer or processor electrically coupled to the NIRS device is also housed within an area or extension of the wagon. During measurement of a guayule plant in the field, a guayule plant covering is placed over the guayule plant and a light shield coupled to the NIRS device is inserted into an opening on the guayule plant covering. The NIRS device is configured to perform a reading of the guayule plant within the plant covering and communicate results of the reading to the computer. A calibration equation is then preferably applied to the guayule plant readings to produce the rubber and resin concentrations of the guayule plant.

Abstract: A scintillator crystal array that is configured to receive rays emitted by an object to be imaged and to emit light energy responsive to the received rays includes plural crystals. At least one of the crystals includes an upper surface, a lower surface, and plural sides. The upper surface may be configured to receive the rays from the object to be imaged. The lower surface is disposed opposite the upper surface. The plural sides extend between the upper surface and the lower surface. At least one side includes a roughened side surface and at least one other side includes a polished side surface.

Abstract: A neutron spectrometer is described. The spectrometer includes a first conversion screen (8) comprising a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material, a first wavelength-shifting light-guide (14) arranged to receive photons from the phosphor material of the first conversion screen and generate wavelength-shifted photons therefrom and a first photodetector (22) optically coupled to the first wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wave-length-shifted photons. The spectrometer further includes a second conversion screen (12) comprising a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material, a second wavelength-shifting light-guide (16) arranged to receive photons from the phosphor material of the second conversion screen and generate wavelength-shifted photons there-from, and a second photodetector (24) optically coupled to the second wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wave-length-shifted photons.