Abstract: N-fluoro-N-perfluoromethyl sulfonamide compounds are provided as fluorinating agents for the fluorination of organic compounds by either the direct electrophilic fluorination of organic compounds or by the fluorination of organic compound carbanions.

Abstract: In light colored surfactants produced by sulfonation of fatty acid alkyl esters with less than 2 moles of SO.sub.3 per mole of fatty acid alkyl ester and subsequent work-up of the crude sulfonate in aqueous medium to form salts, the content of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid disalts is regulated and reduced by transesterifying the sulfonation product before its treatment with an aqueous medium with at least about 0.5 mole equivalent of an alcohol, based on the SO.sub.3 which is not for .alpha.-sulfonation.

Abstract: Compounds are described of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is acyl of the formula --C(.dbd.O)--R.sub.5 ; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl of the formula:--C(.dbd.O)--R.sub.5wherein R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyls, substituted alkyls, alkenyls, substituted alkenyls, cycloalkyls, substituted cycloalkyls, arylalkylenes, substituted arylalkylenes, alkylenecycloalkyls, alkylene substituted cycloalkyls, alkynyls, substituted alkynyls, aryls and substituted aryls, wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected such that at least one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an acyl. When R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 include one or more acyls that are not identical to the acyl of R.sub.1, these compounds of formula I are novel compounds. The invention also includes processes to produce the compounds of formula I. Compounds of formula I complex and/or chelate tissue tri-valent ions, especially iron (Fe.sup.

Abstract: The invention provides a nickel/alumina/silicate catalyst, with an atomic ratio of nickel/aluminium between 20 and 2, a nickel/silicate ratio between 20 and 1, an active nickel surface area between 70 and 150 m.sup.2 /g nickel and an average pore size, depending on the above atomic ratio, between 4 and 20 nanometers. Preferably the nickel/aluminium atomic ratio is between 10 and 4 and the nickel/silicate ratio between 12 and 3. Preferably the catalyst has a specific porous structure.The invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst by a two step process involving precipitating nickel ions and adding during a second, so-called ageing step a soluble aluminium compound and optionally the silicate. The silicate is preferably added during a second ageing step.The catalyst is useful for hydrogenating unsaturated organic compounds in particular oils.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering fats and oils from oil fruits and oil seeds, wherein the oil fruits and oil seeds are cleaned, immediately thereafter pressed cold in a screw press without prior mechanical conditioning, and then extracted. In this process, the extraction is effected immediately after pressing by treating the oil fruits and oil seeds with countercurrently flowing carbon dioxide, ethane, ethene and/or propane at a temperature of from 40.degree. to 110.degree. C. and at a pressure of from 250 to 750 bar, for a time period of from 0.5 to 2.5 hours, with the solvent ratio lying between 5 and 30 kg solvent per 1 kg pressed cake. The separation of the extracted fats and oils from the separated solvent phase is effected by pressure reduction and/or temperature change. The invention also includes an apparatus for implementing the process.

Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties in fish oil are concentrated by transesterifying fish oil glycerides with a lower alkanol to form a mixture of lower alkyl fatty acid esters, and extracting the esters with carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions.

Abstract: Compounds are described of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is acyl of the formula --C(.dbd.O)--R.sub.5 ; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl of the formula:--C(.dbd.O)--R.sub.5wherein R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyls, substituted alkyls, alkenyls, substituted alkenyls, cycloalkyls, substituted cycloalkyls, arylalkylenes, substituted arylalkylenes, alkylenecycloalkyls, alkylene substituted cycloalkyls, alkynyls, substituted alkynyls, aryls and substituted aryls, wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected such that at least one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an acyl. When R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 include one or more acyls that are not identical to the acyl of R.sub.1, these compounds of formula I are novel compounds. The invention also includes processes to produce the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for obtaining a fatty acid product from a glyceride oil soapstock. The process includes the following steps:(a) An acidulated soapstock is formed by reacting the glyceride oil soapstock with an aqueous mineral acid solution.(b) The acidulated soapstock is separated into an aqueous solution and a fatty material/emulsified sludge material mixture.(c) The fatty/sludge mixture is dried to a moisture content of less than about 5%, such that the emulsion in the emulsified sludge material is substantially broken.(d) The dried fatty/sludge mixture is separated into the fatty acid product and a solids residue.

Abstract: Aqueous concentrates of alkali metal salts of .alpha.-sulfonated fatty acid alkyl esters (ester sulfonate salts) which are pumpable at temperatures of at least 60.degree. C. are obtained without the addition of viscosity regulators by preparing pastes containing at least about 60% by weight of ester sulfonate salts derived from C.sub.16 and/or C.sub.18 fatty acids. More particularly, the concentrates contain less than 10 mole % of ester sulfonate salts with fatty acids containing fewer than 16 carbon atoms. The concentrates are obtained by neutralizing the crude ester sulfonates with concentrated alkali hydroxide solution with intensive cooling at temperatures of at most 90.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrogenation of an unsaturated compound using a nickel-silica catalyst. The catalyst comprises aggregates which have an average particle size ranging from 2 to 100 micrometers and said aggregates have outer surface which is at least 60% free of carrier particles.

Abstract: Novel diamines of the formula ##STR1## are described, in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-12 -alkyl, R.sub.2 is H or C.sub.1-12 -alkyl, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-12 -alkyl, cycloalkyl having 4-12 ring C atoms, C.sub.7-8 -aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or, if R.sub.4 =H, is also --CH.dbd.CH--alkyl or --C(alkyl).dbd.CH-- alkyl each having 1-4 C atoms in the alkyl groups, and R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1-12 -alkyl, cycloalkyl having 4-12 ring C atoms, C.sub.7-8 -aralkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together are C.sub.3-11 -alkylene. The diamines (I) are valuable intermediates and are suitable especially for the preparation of transparent crosslinkable polyamides.

Abstract: The novel compound N-[(3-aminoproypl)aminobutyl]-Z-(F-guandino-3-hydroxyheptanamido)-2-methox yethanamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which has antitumor activity in experimental animals.

Abstract: A process is described for the manufacture of aryl esters such as phenyl esters by liquid phase reaction of an aromatic compound such as benzene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a carboxylic acid preferably having 6 or more carbon atoms over a catalyst composed essentially of a compound of palladium and an antimony compound wherein the aromatic compound is added continuously to the reaction and water formed in the reaction is rapidly and continuously removed from the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to sulfonated lubricating agents for leather and furs. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for the production of sulfonated lubricating agent for leather and tanned furs consisting of the steps of:(a) sulfochlorinating higher fatty acids or esters of higher fatty acids having chain lengths of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms with chlorine and SO.sub.2 at a temperature of from about 20.degree. to 90.degree. C. under UV-radiation for a time sufficient to obtain a compound having a chlorine content of from about 5 to 30 percent by weight and a content of --SO.sub.2 Cl groups of from about 1 to 20 percent by weight, the ratio of chlorine atoms to --SO.sub.2 Cl groups being from about 0.7:1 to 70:1; and(b) forming a water-emulsifiable alkaimetal, ammonium, or lower-alkyl-ammonium salt of the compound produced in step (a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel amino alkyl substituted urea derivatives as well as their acid addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, to methods for the preparation of said derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing same, and a method for the treatment of tumors therewith.The novel urea derivatives have shown pronounced anti-neoplastic activity when tested against various tumor models in animals.The novel compounds of the present invention may be represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X and Y are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, each of said phenyl groups being optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, CF.sub.3, OH, or alkoxy (1-4 C-atoms); and R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Methods are provided for recovering purified biuret from aqueous solutions containing biuret and higher molecular weight urea condensation products by contacting such solutions with the hydroxide ion form of an anion exchanger and extracting biuret from the ion exchanger with an aqueous extractant. The useful biuret-containing solutions also may contain urea. These methods are capable of recovering biuret of 99.9 percent plus purity from solutions containing higher molecular weight urea condensations products such as triuret, melamine, ammelide, and others. Elevated temperatures increase biuret recovery rate and concentration, and the extractant can be recycled into contact with additional biuret-containing anion exchangers to increase biuret concentration even further. The biuret-containing extract can be employed as is, concentrated by evaporation or otherwise, or treated to crystallize biuret.

Abstract: A process for separating the ammonium salt of a selected fluoroalkanoic acid and a selected hydrocarbyl oxyethoxylatedpolyether from aqueous dross liquor which comprises:A. extracting the ammonium salt (in the form of its corresponding acid) and the ethoxylated compound from an acidified aqueous dross liquor by agitating with a selected organic liquid and separating the organic liquid layer,B. (1) contacting said organic liquid layer with activated alumina,(2) washing and drying the alumina and contacting it with ammonium hydroxide,C. boiling the organic liquid obtained in step B1 until the ethoxylated compound remains.

Abstract: Adsorbents comprising amorphous silicas with effective average pore diameters of about 60 to about 5000 Angstroms are useful in processes for the removal of trace contaminants, specifically phospholipids and associated metal ions, from glyceride oils.

Abstract: A method of refining edible oil which protects the oil from auto-oxidation and hydrolysis. The method of refining is of the type which includes a degumming stage where acid-water are blended with the oil to capture phosphatides in the oil and then separated from the oil to carry away the phosphatides. The method comprises deaerating the acid-water prior to blending with the oil so that as the acid-water removes phosphatides it also removes oxygen from the oil. Subsequent to the degumming stage, it is preferable that the processed oil be protected against any further contact with oxygen or water. If it is desired to remove all traces of oxygen an oxygen scavenger such as sodium sulfite can be added to the acid-water used in degumming.

Abstract: A method for making amines by reacting alcohols and/or aldehydes with primary and/or secondary amines or with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature, and optionally at elevated pressure, in the liquid phase, the catalyst being an unsupported catalyst consisting of a combination of copper and tin compounds.