Abstract: An apparatus for mammography is disclosed. The apparatus comprises (a) a bed structure having a patient platform on which a patient lies face down, the patient platform having at least one opening through which the breast of the patient hangs down, (b) a mechanism for holding the breast hanging down through the opening, and (c) a camera for taking a mammographic image of the breast held by the mechanism. The camera includes two scintillation cameras fixed relative to each other in the form of V-shape to accommodate both breasts of the patient simultaneously. The breast holding mechanism includes a breast container for gently accommodating the breast of the patient without causing any pain. The patient platform can rotate, together with the breast container, relative to the camera for three-dimensional imaging.

Abstract: A color display tube (1) is disclosed with an improved suspension of the color selection electrode (12). In order to have a color display tube with good properties of, for instance, color purity, it is of eminent importance that the color selection electrode (12) has and excellent positional stability. Especially wide screen tubes seem to be more sensitive to external shocks by which the color selection electrode (12) may shift and cause discolorations. The positional stability of the color selection electrode (12) can be improved by decreasing the friction between the color selection electrode (12) and the supporting elements (17) in the display window (3) of the color display tube (1). This is achieved by applying a supporting element (17) with a free end portion (22) having a small diameter and by applying a low force between the suspension means (20) and the supporting elements (17).

Abstract: A spark plug has a tubular fitting which is assembled with a center electrode, a ground electrode and an insulator. The fitting has a reach length of at least 12 mm for use in high output-type engines. The fitting is formed with a thread part and a taper part so that the fitting is thread engaged with an engine head and seals a combustion chamber from an outside by a contact between the taper part and a seat surface of the engine head. The fitting is made by cold-forging a low carbon steel to provide the taper surface of a surface roughness of less than 10 &mgr;m and a column part. The column part is machine-cut to provide the thread part thereon. The deflection between the axes of the thread part and the taper part is limited to be less than 0.15 mm.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp comprising an arc tube including a starting aid is described. The starting aid comprises at least one metal cermet coating applied to the surface of the arc tube, or a metal layer including refractory glass disposed over said cermet coating or said metal layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shadow mask for a flat cathode ray tube capable of achieving the decrement of the phenomena of moire and the improvement of luminance and controlling a bridge shadow thereof, with an optimal design value of the vertical pitch of the apertures of the shadow mask.

Abstract: A fiber optic arrangement includes a chip, and a first light emitter and a second light emitter formed on the chip. A guide is formed on the chip and in registration with an active region of the second light emitter. An optical fiber is coupled to the second light emitter for transmitting light from the second light emitter. The guide aligns the optical fiber relative to the active region of the second light emitter. A light-sensing device is provided. An optical element transmits light emitted from the first light emitter to the light-sensing device for controlling an output optical power of at least the second light emitter.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and method allow rapid and precise alignment of a fiber optic array on a substrate, in which the offset between the end faces of the array and the edge of the substrate must be precisely known. The arrangement is adaptable for the construction of microlens assemblies and other optical elements that must be precisely placed proximate the end faces of the optical fibers.

Abstract: A deflection yoke for Braun tube includes an opening flange coil, a main deflection portion coil extended with a predetermined length from the both end portions of the opening flange coil backwardly; a first neck flange coil connected to the extended end portion of the main deflection portion coil; and a second neck flange coil formed at the front side of the first neck flange coil, wherein, assuming that the height of the first neck flange coil is ‘h’, the length of the second neck flange coil is ‘I’ and their ratio (I/h) is ‘A’, ‘A’ is greater than 0.5 and smaller than 2.0, and assuming that the length of the main deflection portion coil is ‘L’, the length of the second neck flange coil is ‘I’ and their ratio (I/L) is ‘B’, ‘B’ is greater than 0.04 and smaller than 0.24.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp comprises a lamp vessel (1) in which an anode (4) and a cathode (5) are disposed spaced apart by an electrode distance D of 1-2 mm, the anode (4) having a tip (9) with a blunt end surface S. The area of the end surface S in mm2 and the lamp current I in amperes satisfy a relationship according to which 0.09≦S/I≦0.16, with 3.5≦I≦8.0 amperes. The ionizable filling containing metal halide comprises an amount of mercury between 65-125 mg/cm3. The power range of the lamp is between 200 and 400 watts. The calculated power gap ratio, PGR=P/D, is over 120 W/mm. The lamp is suitable for comparatively high brightness applications and at the same time is comparatively stable and has a comparatively long life.

Abstract: An x-ray diffraction apparatus for qualitatively analyzing a sample uses a fixed or variable divergence slit to irradiate a portion of its surface and intensity data are collected at different angles of diffraction. When measured data thus obtained are compared with reference data for the qualitative analysis, the measured data, the reference data or both of these data are corrected in part according to whether the reference data were taken by measurements using a fixed or variable divergence slit such that the comparison can be carried out on the same intensity level and the qualitative analysis can be carried out more accurately.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a plasma display panel and a method of fabricating the same. The plasma display panel of the present invention includes a first electrode on the first substrate, a first dielectric layer on the first substrate including the first electrode, a plurality of second electrodes completely buried in the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer including the first electrode, a third dielectric layer on the second substrate, a plurality of UV visible photon conversion layers on the third dielectric layer, a plurality of barrier ribs between each of the UV visible photon conversion layers and connecting the first and second substrates, and a discharge chamber between the first and second substrates defined by the barrier ribs, wherein the first dielectric layer includes at least one trench type discharge space exposing a portion of the first electrode to the discharge chamber.

Abstract: In order to control a collimator so that an X-ray impingement position on an X-ray detector is kept constant, an error of the impingement position of a fan-shaped beam (400) in the direction of side-by-side arrangement of a plurality of detector element rows in a detector element array (24) is detected (101), and the collimator is controlled (103) based on the detected error so that the impingement position of the fan-shaped beam is kept at a constant position.

Abstract: An X-ray three-dimensional imaging method in which the step of irradiating an object of imaging with X-rays from an X-ray tube so as to obtain a radioactivity density as an X-ray original image is performed with at least positions of X-ray irradiation changed, thus obtaining X-ray original images at respective X-ray irradiation positions; and the step of performing irradiation from an X-ray irradiation position in a specified position with respect to a certain observation point in the object is performed, so that an X-ray transmissivity obtained by dividing planar density of radioactivity of X-rays passing through an observation point by planar density of radioactivity if it is assumed that no object of imaging is present is obtained from pixels determined from positions of the irradiation position and observation point within the X-ray original image that corresponds to the irradiation position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for assessing performance of an imaging system. The imaging system has a performance assessment apparatus that comprises a system performance computer configured to execute a performance assessment algorithm. The performance assessment computer is coupled to receive signals from the detector assembly of the imaging array in a plurality of imaging system operating modes so as to identify disparities between actual system performance and nominal system performance for respective ones of the imaging system operating modes and to provide respective system performance output signals.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element which is highly precise and minute, uniform in light emission, free from cross talk, resistant to external pressure, and further excellent in sealing properties and a equipped, between a lower electrode 3 and a counter eletrode 4 each on a substrate 2, with an intervening organic layer 5 comprising a light-emitting layer, comprises an inter-insulator film 6 having a coefficient of water absorption of at most 0.1% in a non-light-emitting element portion; step portions 9 in the inter-insulator layer 6 which define the boundary between a light-emitting element portion and a non-light-emitting element portion and which comprise rising parts almost perpendicular to the surface of the lower electrode 3; and a sealing plate or a sealing lid 7 which is placed over the inter-insulator layer 6 and which is attached to the substrate 2 via an adhesive layer 8.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for classifying and identifying by means of energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence analysis chemical substances whose X-ray fluorescence lines cannot be detected and which therefore cannot be classified by energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence analysis alone. Said method is characterized in that the sample to be analyzed is analyzed in its original packaging or natural state without prior processing in a sample vessel. According to the method the sample is: a) positioned in front of the measuring aperture in a sample chamber of an X-ray fluorescence apparatus; b) measured; and c) classified and identified by application of multivariate, statistical techniques to the measurement signals obtained, i.e., to the Compton and Rayleigh scattering.

Abstract: A shape measuring apparatus is provided, which is capable of accurately measuring the shape of an observed surface of an object to be measured and which can be designed to be compact in size and light in weight. An optical reflected image from an observed surface of an object to be measured and an optical reflected image from a reference surface are interfered with each other to generate interference light. The interference light is dispersed into at least three beams, which are shifted in phase by respective predetermined phase shifting amounts. At least three interference fringe images are simultaneously captured by at least one image pickup device which is smaller in number than the interference fringe images.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is provided in which a reliability of addressing is ensured, a flicker is reduced and the area that a cross talk can spread in the column direction is decreased so that a fluctuation of the display can be reduced. The plasma display panel has a first display electrode and a second display electrode that make an electrode pair for surface discharge. The first and the second display electrodes share one electrode for display of neighboring two rows. A partition is provided that divides a discharge gas space in the column direction only in the area where the first display electrode that is not used as a scanning electrode is positioned.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube having a tensioned shadow mask with elongated holes, i.e. holes with a length longer than 5 mm. The pattern of holes repeats itself after 5 or more rows and the relation between the number of rows after which the pattern repeats itself, the vertical pitch av and the horizontal pitch dh is given by av/dh≦n2≦8av/dh, most preferably n2≈2av/dh.

Abstract: An interferometric measuring device for detecting the shape, roughness or distance of surfaces is described. The interferometric measuring device has a modulation interferometer in which two partial beams are formed, one of which is shifted in its light phase or light frequency with respect to the other by a modulation device. The surface is measured with a measuring probe which is connected to the modulation interferometer and in which a measuring beam and a reference beam are formed, and an interference pattern which is analyzed in a connected receiving unit is formed from the measuring beam and the reference beam.