Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include one-step synthesis to prepare a hypergolic green Fuel (HGF) propellant from 2-Hydroxyethylhydrazine (HEH) via a “one-step synthesis method”. In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure include fully nitrated HGF and partially nitrated HGF and formulations containing Hydroxyethylhydrazinium Nitrate (HEHN) and acetone, where the HEHN is produced independently.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use, in a hydrocarbon distillate with a boiling temperature of between 150 and 450° C. and a crystallization onset temperature as measured by Differential Calorimetric Analysis of greater than or equal to ?50° C., preferably of ?5° C. to +10° C., of a homopolymer obtained from an olefinic ester of carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from a fatty alcohol containing a chain of more than 16 carbon atoms and optionally an olefinic double bond, as a compound for revealing the efficiency of filterability additives based on copolymer and/or terpolymers of ethylene and of vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and of a monoalcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to an additive composition comprising a conventional hydrocarbon filterability additive in combination with an efficiency reveal additive, and also to the combustion fuels, motor fuel and oil fuel that comprise these additive combinations.

Abstract: A continuous high capacity system for converting hydrocarbon containing post-consumer waste, post-industrial waste, renewable hydrocarbon feedstock into a biofuel, using a pug for blending less than 200 micron diameter particulate with a plasticizing agent; a sealing auger for forming an agglomerated material and sealing, a cutting device, a vacuum chamber to remove air from the cut material, an extruder forming an extrudate, a heating chamber or the heat exchanger to evolve at least one gas; a pressure sensor and temperature sensors in the heating chamber or the heat exchanger, a cooling chamber providing controlled pressure and controlled temperature cooling of the evolved gasses, wherein the cooling chamber liquefies sequentially at least 50 percent of the evolved gasses forming a liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing a ?-amino compound. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine by lubricating the engine with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the ?-amino carbonyl compound as copper corrosion inhibitors, friction control agents, antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a lubricating oil composition having a low friction coefficient (traction coefficient) and a superior fluidity at low temperature, suitable as a transmission oil including an automatic transmission oil, by using a base oil which contains a mineral oil satisfying the conditions that (1) kinetic viscosity at 100° C. is in the range of 5 mm2/s or more to 8 mm2/s or less, (2) viscosity index is 130 or more, and (3) % CP by a ring analysis (n-d-M method) is 80 or more.

Abstract: A coating mixture is presented for use on a bearing surface. The coating mixture includes a Guaiacum resin and a solvent in which the Guaiacum resin is dissolved. The Guaiacum resin may be about 50% or more of the coating mixture. The solvent may be an alcohol, for instance ethanol.

Abstract: Disclosed are corrosion-inhibiting lubricant compositions and methods of making and using the compositions. The lubricant compositions contain petroleum based components, corrosion-inhibiting additives and a cationic surfactant. In some embodiments, the lubricant compositions also contain nano diamonds. Under standard salt fog tests, compositions exhibited 120 or 168 hours to failure, or 0-20% rust at 192 hours. Under standard wear preventative characteristics tests, compositions exhibited as low as 0.55 mm wear. Also disclosed are a device and method for aerosol delivery of a corrosion-inhibiting lubricant.

Abstract: A method and a product made by treating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed, e.g., heavy crude asphaltene reduction is disposed herein. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed with a hydrogen donor solvent and an addled silica to form a mixture and oxidizing the sulfur in the mixture at a temperature between 50° C. and 210° C. wherein the oxidation lowers the amount sulfur in the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed by at least 90%.

Abstract: A partially digested biomass solids is converted in a fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor under hydrothermal catalytic condition with a supported metal catalyst having a high void fraction. The catalyst having high void fraction allows high permeability and extends reaction run time.

Abstract: A composition and method of improving the fuel economy of hydrocarbon fuel-powdered internal combustion engines. The composition contains a propoxylated and/or butoxylated reaction product of (a) at least one fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or mixture thereof and (b) a dialkanolamime. The composition is added to a hydrocarbon fuel in an amount of about 5 to about 2,000 ppm, based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fuel, to reduce friction within the engine and achieve an enhanced fuel economy.

Abstract: A polymer-brush-based, surface-modification strategy for friction and wear reduction in hard contact under boundary-lubrication conditions is proposed, specifically for a non-aqueous environment. Surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-ATRP) was employed for the synthesis of three different oil-compatible, hydrophobic polymer brushes based on alkyl methacrylates. This study presents polymerization kinetics, chemical characterization by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface morphologies observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM). The lubrication properties of the anchored polymers were evaluated macroscopically by means of ball-on-disk methods and on the nanonewton scale by lateral force microscopy (AFM/LFM) and showed significant reduction in friction up to contact pressures as high as 460 MPa. The frictional response of surface-grafted polymers is shown to depend strongly on the compatibility of the polymer with the chosen lubricating fluid.

Abstract: An oil candle with integrated aroma deck includes a candle main body, further including a fuel reservoir, an aroma deck with an aroma deck aperture, a flame shield, and aroma deck shoulder, a wick and a wick collar, such that the wick collar is inserted in place in the aroma deck aperture, with the wick extending into the fuel reservoir. The oil candle is refillable with lighting oil, and provides flame protection via the flame shield. The aroma deck is designed to hold a small amount of aromatic oil, which is warmed by a flame from the burning wick, and thereby emits a pleasant fragrance. The flame shield, aroma deck, and fuel reservoir can be made from borosilicate glass or other heat resistant materials. The oil candle can further include an inward protruding rim, and a snap-on cover with an attached wick collar cover.

Abstract: A separation process with a modified enhanced hot separator system is described. The process eliminates undesirable entrainment while allowing for enhanced stripping of the net liquid only. The modified enhanced hot separator system combines a hot separator with a hot stripping column.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for production of a liquid containing fuel that avoid the need to add any extra surfactant and also the need to apply ultrasonic wave energy and attain high stability of minute bubbles, etc. Production apparatus for a liquid containing fuel comprises pump for pressurizing a stored fuel and nanobubble generating unit adapted to inject a liquid containing the pressurized fuel. The apparatus may be equipped with homogenizing means for storing the liquid containing fuel. The process for production of a liquid containing fuel is characterized by sequentially performing storing of a liquid containing fuel in storage means, pressurizing the liquid so as to obtain a high-pressure liquid with a given pressure, injecting the same through a nozzle into a matrix of liquid containing fuel and effecting collision thereof with a wall so that nanobubbles of foreign substance are dispersed in the matrix of liquid containing fuel.

Abstract: Provided are ethylene propylene copolymers compositions thereof and methods for making the same. The composition may include an ethylene copolymer, comprising 40 wt % to 70 wt % of units derived from ethylene, and at least 30 wt % of units derived from at least one ?-olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. The composition can have a melting point (Tm) in ° C., as measured by DSC, that satisfies the relation: Tm>3.4×E?180, where E is the weight % of units derived from ethylene in the copolymer. The composition can also have a Mw/Mn ratio of about 1.5 to about 3.5. The composition can further have a content of Group 4 metals derived from a catalyst of 25 ppm or less.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to methods to prepare a fuel from a liquid biomass by first producing the liquid biomass from a solid biomass by a thermal process, and then processing the liquid biomass with a petroleum fraction in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and reactor system for the production of biodiesel from lamb fats using enzymatic catalysis. Preferably the process comprises two advantageously integrated stages, first of removing fat from the animal meat and second of reacting the removed fat in an enzymatic biodiesel production stage.

Abstract: A lubricant composition of (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant comprising the condensation product of a carboxylic functionalized polymer with an aromatic amine having at least 3 aromatic rings and at least one primary or secondary amino group; and (c) an overbased metal detergent comprising an oil-soluble neutral metal salt component and a metal carbonate component, provides good seal and corrosion performance. The total amount of neutral metal salt component in the lubricant composition is at least about 0.75 percent by weight and the sulfated ash level of the lubricant composition is less than about 1.1 percent.

Abstract: A multi-stage process and system for converting solid particulate biomass in a riser reactor having at least two different reaction zones. A lower reaction zone is configured to optimize pyrolysis of the biomass into pyrolysis products, while an upper reaction zone is configured to efficiently crack the pyrolysis products. The relative residence times and/or temperatures of the upper and lower reaction zones can be controlled to optimize product quality and yield.