Abstract: The invention provides an In situ polymerization process which does not require the use of polymerization initiators or solvents for obtaining an electro-optical apparatus wherein a compound having a polymerizable group, preferably an acrylate or methacrylate, is introduced into a cell formed of 1 to 100 microns thick, wherein said compound having a polymerizable group is maintained at a temperature which is above its melting temperature, and a direct current electric field is applied of at least 2.5 V/?m and for a time ranging between 5 minutes and 24 hours until the polymerization of the compound with the polymerizable group is achieved, an then cooled down to room temperature and removing the applied field.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 30, 2012
Date of Patent:
May 30, 2017
Assignee:
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
Inventors:
Eduardo Arturo Soto Bustamante, Victor Hugo Trujillo Rojo
Abstract: A method is described for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or alkali metal chloride in an electrolysis cell. The cell includes at least of an anode half-element and an anode, a cathode half-element and a gas diffusion electrode as the cathode, and a cation exchange membrane for separating the anode half-element and the cathode half-element. A gas containing oxygen is supplied to the cathode half-element and excess gas containing oxygen is discharged from the cathode half-element. Excess gas containing oxygen discharged from the cathode half-element is subjected to catalytic oxidation of hydrogen.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 10, 2004
Date of Patent:
February 9, 2010
Assignee:
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Inventors:
Fritz Gestermann, Richard Malchow, Walter Hansen, Gaby Sengstock