Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for detecting nucleic acid sequences. Probes comprising a crosslinking agent are combined with a sample which may comprise a target sequence which is complementary to the probe. Hybridization is allowed to occur between complementary sequences. The crosslinking agent is activated. Covalent bonds are formed between the probe and the target sequence if they are hybridized to one another. The crosslinked nucleic acids can then be detected to indicate the presence of the target sequence. Also provided are kits comprising reagents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to crystals of P1-(2′-deoxycytidine 5′-)P4-(uridine 5′-)tetraphosphate (dCP4U) or a salt thereof and to a process for producing the crystals. The present invention also provides a process for producing dCP4U involving reacting uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP), 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate (dCMP), diphenyl phosphorochloridate (DPC), and pyrophosphate (PPi). The crystals of dCP4U obtained through the process according to the present invention have high purity and high stability and no hygroscopicity as compared with a freeze-dried product, and thereby serve as a useful raw material for preparing a pharmaceutical. The process for producing dCP4U according to the present invention permits use of inexpensive UMP as a raw material and realizes high yield. Thus, the process is suitable for large-scale synthesis of dCP4U.

Abstract: Novel purine L-nucleoside compounds are disclosed, in which both the purine rings and the sugar are either modified, functionalized or both. The novel compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts thereof may be used in pharmaceutical compositions, and such compositions may be used to treat an infection, an infestation, a neoplasm, or an autoimmune disease. The novel compounds may also be used to modulate aspects of the immune system, including modulation of Th1 and Th2.

Abstract: The oligonucleotides have sufficient guanosine to form a guanosine tetrad and can be composed of at least about 40% guanosine nucleotides, the nucleotide sequence containing at least two runs of at least two guanosines. Some of the new oligonucleotides also contain phosphorothioate backbones and 3′ end modifications. Representative guanosine-rich oligonucleotides of the present invention demonstrate anti-viral activity in tissue culture against HSV-2, HIV-1, HCMV and FMLV, and show specific inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase enzymes T7 and T3, the FMLV and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme and eukaryotic RNA polymerase.

Abstract: A device for one step purification of a desired biological molecule from a sample, wherein the device comprises a housing loaded with an adsorptive media of a known volume on top of a size exclusion media of a known volume, and a method of purifying biological molecules using the same.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen or halogen, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent phenyl, or alkyl C.sub.1-6 optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from OR.sup.5, alkylthio C.sub.1-6, NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, phenyl, COOR.sup.8 and halogen,R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently represent hydrogen or alkyl C.sub.1-6, andX represents an acidic moiety,and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Processes for their production and pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment involving their use are also described.

Abstract: Compounds having the structure: ##STR1## wherein B represents a purine, 7-deazapurine, or pyrimidine moiety covalently bonded to the C.sup.1' -position of the sugar moiety, provided that when B is purine or 7-deazapurine, it is attached at the N.sup.9 -position of the purine or 7-deazapurine and when B is pyrimidine, it is attached at the N.sup.