Abstract: According to a method of producing a phosphate fertilizer, a first portion of the phosphate is produced in a pipe cross reactor, and a second portion of the phosphate is produced in a pre-neutralizer. Both the first and second portions of the phosphate are supplied to a granulator. Ammonia is added to the granulator to react with the first and second portions of the phosphate. To produce the first portion of the phosphate, a micronutrient is added to phosphoric acid to produce an enriched acid, and the enriched acid and ammonia are added to the pipe cross reactor where they are allowed to react to produce ammonium phosphate.

Abstract: A paste coater that can apply an amount of a solder paste to small-diameter bump electrodes at a narrow pitch is described. A paste coater includes: a transfer roller, supported by a sub frame; a roller drive mechanism for rotating the transfer roller; a paste storage unit for storing paste to be supplied to the surface of the transfer roller; a squeegee having a distal edge, parallel to the rotary shaft of the transfer roller, separated by a gap from the distal edge to the surface of the transfer roller; a squeegee holder for holding and including biasing means for pushing the squeegee in a first direction thereby widening the gap; and a gap adjustment mechanism with biasing means for pushing the squeegee in a second direction thereby narrowing the gap.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a new composition of matter in the form of chemically derivatized silica coated fullerenes, including silica coated C60 molecules and silica coated carbon nanotubes, processes for making the same and to uses for the derivatized silica coated fullerenes. Included among many uses in chemical, physical or biological fields of use, but not limited thereto, are high speed, low loss electrical interconnects for nanoscale electronic devices, components and circuits. In one embodiment, this invention also provides a method for preparing silica coated fullerenes having substituents attached to the surface of silica coated fullerenes by reacting silica coated fullerenes with a wide range of organic or inorganic chemical species in a gaseous or liquid state. Preferred substituents include but are not limited to organic groups and organic groups containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens.

Abstract: A fastener device has a body member for welding and securing structural members together. The body member has a lateral bore extending between an upper flat side and a lower flat side. The sides each have a pattern of externally facing grooves communicating with the lateral bore and an exothermic material fills the patterns of grooves, the lateral bore and a radially extending bore communicating with the lateral bore. A fuse in the radial bore produces intense heat in the exothermic material to initiate an exothermic reaction to melt at least some of the body member, exothermic material, and structural members and weld the body member and structural members together. The man-portable, self-contained, reliable, fastener device permits a relatively unskilled workman to securely interconnect the structural members together at a primitive work site without requiring ancillary equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an orbital friction welding method and a friction welding device for welding workpieces by means of friction welding units, wherein the workpieces are pressed against each other in the contact plane during the application of the oscillation energy. To this effect, n>1 friction welding heads are mounted, in a stationary manner, at least on one side of the contact plane in an orbital plane, in the area of the workpieces so that the n>1 friction welding heads, respectively facing one side, are oscillated with the same friction frequency, the same amplitude and the same preset phase position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for cutting or welding tubes (3) or similar workpieces, said device comprising a guiding mechanism which is used to control the cutting or welding torch (17) along a pre-determined line and is provided with a stand-type portal (7). Said portal comprises a through opening (8) into which the workpiece (3) to be machined can be guided in the axial direction. A rotary part (14) can be rotated about the axis of the through opening (8) in a motor-driven manner, guiding a holding arm (16) therewith, which carries the cutting or welding torch (17) on the free end thereof. Said holding arm (16) is fixed to the rotary part (14) and embodied in such a way that the cutting or welding torch (17) moves radially in relation to the axis of the through opening (8) and can be brought into various angular positions in relation to the surface of the workpiece (3).

Abstract: A process for soldering an electronic component onto a support which includes at least one heat drain for the component. The method uses a solder paste which incorporates a stripping flux activated at a first temperature, and a solder alloy melted at a second temperature. The process includes preheating the support on the face opposite the component through the heat drain up to the first temperature, placing the component on the support with the solder paste, heating the component by applying a hot gas at a sufficiently high temperature to bring the solder alloy to the melting temperature.

Abstract: A friction welding process providing a workpiece having a weld surface, and a second workpiece having a weld surface. The workpieces being welded together at respective weld surfaces. Oscillatory motion is affected to the workpieces such that one weld surface moves across the other, thereby raising the temperature at the weld surfaces to create a weld interface. The oscillatory motion is ceased and the weld surfaces cool to weld the workpieces together at the interface. The workpiece has an extending portion, and the weld surface is provided on the extending portion. The extending portion includes an apex region, which engages the second workpiece's weld surface. A side face extends from the apex region to provide a gap between the side face and the second workpiece's weld surface. The gap allows weld flash material to pass from the weld interface through said gap.

Abstract: A compact soldering apparatus capable of increasing reliability of products by reducing occurrence of dross and using lead-free solder, wherein a primary jet nozzle 1, a secondary jet nozzle 2, and a pump (not shown) forming jet waves 24, 25 are installed in a solder tank 6 reservoiring molten solder S. Guide plates 4, 5 are installed between the jet nozzles 1, 2 above a solder face F of the molten solder S on a position where the molten solder is dropped. The guide plates 4, 5 formed into a V-shape are provided with solder guide portions crossing each other so as to drop the molten solder S at different positions on the solder face F of the solder tank 6. Molten solder dropped onto upper portions of the guide plates 4, 5 passes through the solder guide portions and is made to fall on a nozzle side different to a nozzle side where the solder is flowed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for fixing a miniaturized component—especially carrying or containing at least one optical element—to a carrier plate in a highly-precise manner, by means of a soldered joint, a welded joint or an adhesive joint. Said component is positioned above the carrier plate in a relation to outer reference points by means of a gripper pertaining to a robot station. A joint is then created between the component and the carrier plate, the joint seam hardening under contraction between the component and the carrier plate, thus exerting a vertical tractive force on the gripper holding the component. At the same time as the contraction, the gripper is vertically displaced towards the carrier plate in a controlled or regulated manner, optionally up to a defined nominal position, and actively yields to the contraction such that the creation of high tensions is largely avoided and the position does not change when the component is detached from the gripper.

Abstract: The Dove-Tail Sizing Stock with Solder Pockets includes the technique of increasing or reducing the size of a circular object, such as a finger ring. The sizing stock includes dovetail shaped ends with pockets of solder on each end. The solder that is inserted into the holes drilled into the dove-tail crevices on each end of the sizing stock is of the same color, karat and hardness as the sizing stock. The sizing stock will be of the same material, color, karat and hardness as the circular object or finger ring to be sized. It will be understood that the foregoing description is for illustration purposes only. Other adaptations and uses of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Abstract: A method to heat a stator bar and clip assembly in a brazing chamber including: placing the stator bar and clip assembly in the brazing chamber, wherein the assembly is seated in a heating coil; positioning a conductive mass between a press and the stator bar and clip; applying the press to the assembly while the assembly is seated in the coil; heating the stator bar and clip by applying energy to the coil; brazing the stator bar to the clip with the heat from the coil, and removing the press and cooling the brazed clip.

Abstract: In a method of reflow soldering, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is discharged to a first discharge voltage different from a second discharge voltage at an inflection point in a discharge curve of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having an axis of abscissa representing discharge capacity and an axis of ordinate representing discharge voltage. The discharged non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is placed on a substrate which is then exposed to a reflow soldering temperature to reflow solder the non-aqueous secondary battery to the substrate. The first discharge voltage is higher than the second discharge voltage to prevent degradation of characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery resulting from decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte due to reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte with excessive lithium ions in the cathode active material when the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is exposed to the reflow soldering temperature.

Abstract: Welding conditions are set for a power supply apparatus for use with a welding machine, using a control panel unit (96). A memory (105) stores therein welding conditions as set through the control unit (96), and holds the set welding conditions after turning off of a main power supply switch (1) of the power supply apparatus. Upon turning on of the main power switch (1) for starting welding, the welding conditions stored and held in the memory (105) are read out and set in the power supply apparatus.

Abstract: A system and method of fabricating tank car outer jackets are provided that include supporting a plurality of coils of sheet metal on a plurality of coil supports such that the central longitudinal axes of the plurality of coils are generally parallel to a central longitudinal axis of a mandrel adjacent the plurality of coils. A plurality of sheets of sheet metal are unwound from the plurality of coils by rotating each of the plurality of coils generally about the respective central longitudinal axes of each of the plurality of coils. As the plurality of sheets of sheet metal are wound onto the mandrel, adjacent sheets of the plurality of sheets of sheet metal are welded together using a plurality of automated welding torches proximate the mandrel. The plurality of automated welding torches may be coupled for communication with a programmable logic controller.

Abstract: Disclosed are a bonding method for a semiconductor chip, which employs an ultrasonic bonding scheme that prevents wear-out of the top surface of a mount tool and ensures both high reliability and high productivity, and a bonding apparatus which is used to carry out the method. The bonding apparatus and method are provided with means for suppressing generation of a sliding friction. The apparatus and method execute a bonding process by controlling vibration-axial directional holding force and inertial force based on information given from control management means to thereby maintain a relationship of (vibration-axial directional holding force)>(die shear strength)+(inertial force) while applying an ultrasonic vibration to a region which is subjected to bonding.

Abstract: There is provided a friction stir spot joining device to eliminate the generation of tipping torque caused by a pressing force by allowing the axis of a ball screw for generating the pressing force and the center of a shaft of a stirring motor to be coincident with each other, thereby allowing the device to be downsized and the device to effect joining operation with ease. The friction stir spot joining device comprises a ball nut fixed to the rear end side the stirring motor, a hole is defined in an output shaft of the stirring motor in which the ball screw is housed from a rear portion of the hole so as to be positioned in the hole, wherein a rotating force of the pressing motor is transmitted to the ball screw and the stirring motor is moved forward and backward by the ball nut threaded with the ball screw.