Abstract: A memory (20) has N.sub.BIAS generators (63 and 73) coupled to the positive and negative power supply lines (61 and 62) at a point close to amplifiers (84 and 85) and address buffers (76) to insure that they all receive the same power supply voltage to prevent an impact on the access times of memory (20). A V.sub.CS generator (65) is located close to power supply bonding pads (23 and 25) and to output buffers (77 and 78) to reduce the effects of power supply line noise on the noise margins. A V.sub.AREF generator provides a reference voltage to the differential amplifiers of address buffers (75 and 76). Locating V.sub.AREF generator (67) close to power supply bonding pads (23 and 25) insures that the reference voltage is always at the midpoint of the input logic swing.

Abstract: A high frequency circuit is arranged to modify a signal, such as a television broadcast signal, prior to high power amplification so as to compensate for distortions introduced by the amplifier. Separate signal paths give independent adjustment of the differential gain, differential phase and linearity of the signal by altering the characteristics of level dependent detectors.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer includes frequency reduction means which includes a pulse swallow circuit PS which cancels cycles from the frequency Fo under the control of a rate multiplier RM. To prevent phase jitter at the output of phase comparator PC due to the cancelled cycles, a compensation signal HP is derived from a swallow command signal A and from a multiplying fraction n/x of the rate multiplier. In order to keep the DC level of the signal HP constant, the signal HP is bidirectional with respect to a mid-point voltage level and the total area of the pulses in one direction is the same as the total area of the pulses in the other direction. The invention is applicable to both phase locked loop synthesizers (FIG. 2) and direct synthesizers (FIG. 11).

Abstract: The loop uses a phase comparator (PD) designed to compare the phase of a reference signal (F.sub.1) with the phase of a signal generated locally (F.sub.2) and also to make available on a first output (E) a signal expressing the entity of phase shift and on a second output (S) a signal expressing the sign of the phase shift (F.sub.1 leading, or lagging, in respect to F.sub.2). Thanks to the presence of this latter signal (S) it is possible to render the remaining units of the loop particularly simple and economic without having to make use of components that introduce in their turn limits in operational speed, excepting of course those imposed by the type of technology used. This loop is suitable to be conveniently implemented in an integrated manner.

Abstract: A multiband local oscillator of a television tuner comprises a common collector transistor amplifier, a capacitive feedback circuit for conditioning the amplifier to oscillate in the wide range of frequencies for VHF broadcast and cable channels and a multiband tuning circuit coupled to the base electrode of the transistor. Bandswitching signals are applied to the multiband tuning circuit to produce tuned circuit configurations for the various frequency bands. When one band is selected, the corresponding bandswitching signal is coupled to the capacitive feedback network to modify it so as to inhibit out-of-band oscillations due to parasitic elements of the tuning circuit.

Abstract: We disclose and claim a novel high efficiency oscillator circuit and method of operation wherein output signal distortion is minimized by applying the weighted sum of currents flowing in an input complementary transistor pair to each transistor in an output complementary pair. This operation is accomplished using a novel summing current mirror stage to interconnect the input and output complementary pairs, and the channel width-to-length, W/L, ratios of transistors in the mirror stage sets the value of the weighted sum of currents applied to the complementary pair output stage.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator stabilized oscillator structure and method for adjusting the oscillating characteristics of the oscillator which includes mounting the dielectric resonator to a cover housing member which can be positionally varied to move the resonator in a plane parallel to a semiconductor device and transmission line circuitry comprising the oscillator. The semiconductor device and transmission line circuitry are disposed within a bottom housing assembly to which the cover housing member is fixedly mounted to after adjustment and optimizing of the oscillator characteristics is conducted. The cover member includes openings therethrough which are oversized with respect to corresponding threaded openings in the bottom housing assembly thereby allowing the adjustment of the dielectric resonator by moving the cover member while screws are threaded through the openings thereof into the bottom assembly and also fixedly mounting of the cover member to the bottom assembly.

Abstract: An surface acoustic wave coupling element is used having one output electrode (11d) and at least two input electrodes (11b, 11c) disposed at different distances or at different phase positions with respect to the output electrode, the input and output electrodes being arranged on one surface. The output electrodes of the element are connected to variable gain amplifiers through a power divider, the variable gain amplifiers receiving two gain control inputs. The output sides of these amplifiers (15, 16) are respectively connected to the input electrodes of said element. The variable frequency oscillator of this construction can be made much smaller than the prior art and can be effectively used as the high frequency oscillator in VHF and UHF bands.

Abstract: A millimeter wavelength oscillator combining a mechanically tunable resonating cavity oscillator element with an electronically tunable solid state diode element provides a basic stable steady wave energy source with fine-tuning capabilities not possible with a resonating cavity oscillator alone, and with an apparatus structure which is light in weight, compact, mechanically sturdy, and with easily accessible and quickly replaceable component parts.

Abstract: A variable oscillator is disclosed which is adjustable by a user to a desired frequency. A variable reactance element is inserted in series with a crystal resonator, the variable reactance element having characteristics which are dependent upon the conditions of acceleration. The characteristics of the element which is a compensator are substantially complementary to the characteristics of the crystal resonator to balance out said variation of the crystal resonator during conditions of acceleration. There is also provided a variable reactance network connected to the oscillator to adjust the operating frequency of said oscillator.

Abstract: The spatial power combiner disclosed here is used to efficiently combine the power sources, which incorporate two-terminal negative resistance devices, in a coherent manner such that a high power output with a stable and definite frequency and phase is obtained, the sources to be combined being arranged in an array configuration.

Abstract: A frequency generator or filter which includes a signal source of simultaneous multiple frequencies, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a circulator coupled between the signal source and frequency terminal of the VCO and a source of control voltage signals coupled to the control voltage terminal of the VCO. A control voltage corresponding to a desired one of the frequencies produced by the signal source is applied to the VCO causing it to produce a frequency approximating the desired frequency. Then the signal from the frequency source injection locks the VCO to exactly the desired frequency.

Abstract: An integrated circuit tunable cavity oscillator for extremely high freque operation in image line waveguide. The oscillator includes a metal base with a cylindrical bore, a dielectric or semiconductor waveguide mounted atop the metal base and having a bore which is continuous with the metal base bore. A Gunn or IMPATT diode is assembled in the metal base bore on top of a drum which is urged upwards toward the waveguide bore by a spring located behind the drum. From above, cavity tuning means including a top disk and a threaded screw cover the waveguide bore and push the diode into the metal base bore to define the cavity height of the coaxial cavity of the oscillator. The waveform, which is set up in the recessed cavity in the metal base, is launched into the waveguide. Thus, a ruggedized, low cost, tunable (by a tuning screw) and low weight oscillator for millimeter wave image line or microstrip operation is obtained. Furthermore, the oscillator diode and cavity defining hardware are easily replaceable.

Abstract: An oscillator formed in a rectangular waveguide (1) with both mechanical and electronic tuning comprises an oscillator device (4) spaced from a movable short-circuit termination (2) with a varactor diode (5) therebetween, the effective electrical spacing between the oscillator device (4) and the varactor (5) being approximately an integral number of half-wavelengths at the operating frequency. The varactor (5) extends into the waveguide (1) from one broad wall thereof and engages a transverse member (10) extending between the narrow walls so that only part of the height of the waveguide (1) at that region is obscured. This enables the operating frequency and hence the extent of coupling of the varactor (5) to the oscillator cavity, and thus the electronic tuning range, to be varied by adjusting the position of the short-circuit (2).

Abstract: A Gaussian noise generator having a sample and hold circuit connected to the output thereof for providing random voltage samples, a voltage controlled oscillator controlled by the random voltage samples and providing a linear 10 sawtooth output having a frequency dependent upon the amplitude of the random voltage samples, and a second sample and hold circuit connected to the oscillator to provide random voltage output samples with substantially uniform distribution between predetermined limits.

Abstract: A planar varactor tuned microstrip oscillator for Ka band operation comprising a GaAs Gunn diode, a varactor diode, an impedance inverter microstrip line placing the varactor in shunt with the Gunn diode, an impedance matching transformer connected from the output of the Gunn diode to a load connection means, a source of negative bias potential for the varactor and a source of positive bias potential for the Gunn diode.

Abstract: A variable frequency oscillator circuit adapted for stabilization of its free-running frequency comprises a first signal synthesizing circuit, first voltage-controlled oscillator, a phase-locked loop and reference signal generator, the phase-locked loop consisting of a second signal synthesizing circuit, second voltage-controlled oscillator, phase comparator and low-pass filter. The first and second signal synthesizing circuits have the same characteristics, and the first and second voltage-controlled oscillators have the same characteristics. The reference signal and output of the second voltage-controlled oscillator are input to the phase comparator. The comparator output is applied to the first and second signal synthesizing circuits. An external signal is applied to the first signal synthesizing circuit, and the output of the first voltage-controlled oscillator acts as the output of the variable frequency oscillator circuit.The principles are applied to reading data pulses from a floppy disk.

Abstract: The fin-line oscillator includes a packaged diode as an active element and an impedance-matching network for matching the diode to a load and determining the frequency.In a first embodiment, the diode package (5) is mounted in a cutoff waveguide (4) connected with the waveguide (1) containing the fin line. The fins (2) of the fin line extend a given distance into the cutoff waveguide.In further embodiments, the diode package is mounted in or on the substrate on which the fins of the fin line are deposited.

Abstract: A programmable oscillator includes first and second transistors having their emitters coupled by a capacitor, and a pair of current sources coupling respective transistors to ground. A switching means is provided having a first state coupling the collector of the first transistor to the base of the second transistor and coupling the collector of the second transistor to the base of the first transistor, and a second state coupling the collectors of the first and second transistors to ground such that when the switching means is in the first state, the first and second transistors switch on and off in alternating fashion, and when the switching means is in the second state the first and second transistors remain on continuously.

Abstract: An automatic gain control circuit in which a current source is provided for charging a capacitor and a current source is provided for discharging it, there being means for controlling the ratio of the currents supplied by each source in response to the amplitude of the alternating wave being controlled.